vitamin K cycle / MEMBRANE PROTEIN / LYASE-SUBSTRATE complex
機能・相同性
機能・相同性情報
structural constituent of bone / hydroxyapatite binding / peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase / gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity / negative regulation of bone development / response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor / Defective gamma-carboxylation of F9 / vitamin binding / vitamin K metabolic process / regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process ...structural constituent of bone / hydroxyapatite binding / peptidyl-glutamate 4-carboxylase / gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity / negative regulation of bone development / response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor / Defective gamma-carboxylation of F9 / vitamin binding / vitamin K metabolic process / regulation of testosterone biosynthetic process / response to gravity / response to vitamin K / regulation of osteoclast differentiation / cellular response to zinc ion starvation / type B pancreatic cell proliferation / cellular response to vitamin D / regulation of bone mineralization / response to vitamin D / regulation of bone resorption / osteoblast development / response to hydroxyisoflavone / positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretion / response to zinc ion / bone mineralization / RUNX2 regulates osteoblast differentiation / response to testosterone / Transport of gamma-carboxylated protein precursors from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus / Gamma-carboxylation of protein precursors / Removal of aminoterminal propeptides from gamma-carboxylated proteins / response to glucocorticoid / response to mechanical stimulus / regulation of cellular response to insulin stimulus / protein maturation / response to activity / skeletal system development / stem cell differentiation / brain development / cellular response to growth factor stimulus / protein modification process / hormone activity / bone development / Golgi lumen / cognition / cellular response to insulin stimulus / response to estrogen / osteoblast differentiation / blood coagulation / glucose homeostasis / vesicle / perikaryon / response to ethanol / learning or memory / cell adhesion / endoplasmic reticulum lumen / response to xenobiotic stimulus / dendrite / calcium ion binding / endoplasmic reticulum membrane / structural molecule activity / extracellular space / extracellular region / membrane / cytoplasm 類似検索 - 分子機能
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT)
RR230054
米国
引用
ジャーナル: Nature / 年: 2025 タイトル: Structure and mechanism of vitamin-K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase. 著者: Rong Wang / Baozhi Chen / Nadia Elghobashi-Meinhardt / Jian-Ke Tie / Alyssa Ayala / Ning Zhou / Xiaofeng Qi / 要旨: γ-Glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) is the sole identified enzyme that uses vitamin K (VK) as a cofactor in humans. This protein catalyses the oxidation of VK hydroquinone to convert specific glutamate ...γ-Glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) is the sole identified enzyme that uses vitamin K (VK) as a cofactor in humans. This protein catalyses the oxidation of VK hydroquinone to convert specific glutamate residues to γ-carboxyglutamate residues in VK-dependent proteins (VDPs), which are involved in various essential biological processes and diseases. However, the working mechanism of GGCX remains unclear. Here we report three cryogenic electron microscopy structures of human GGCX: in the apo state, bound to osteocalcin (a VDP) and bound to VK. The propeptide of the VDP binds to the lumenal domain of GGCX, which stabilizes transmembrane helices 6 and 7 of GGCX to create the VK-binding pocket. After binding of VK, residue Lys218 in GGCX mediates the oxidation of VK hydroxyquinone, which leads to the deprotonation of glutamate residues and the construction of γ-carboxyglutamate residues. Our structural observations and results from binding and cell biological assays and molecular dynamics simulations show that a cholesterol molecule interacts with the transmembrane helices of GGCX to regulate its protein levels in cells. Together, these results establish a link between cholesterol metabolism and VK-dependent pathways.