Translesion synthesis by REV1 / Recognition of DNA damage by PCNA-containing replication complex / Translesion Synthesis by POLH / mTORC1-mediated signalling / SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane / SCF(Skp2)-mediated degradation of p27/p21 / Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling / TGF-beta receptor signaling in EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) / SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer regulates transcription / Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition ...Translesion synthesis by REV1 / Recognition of DNA damage by PCNA-containing replication complex / Translesion Synthesis by POLH / mTORC1-mediated signalling / SRP-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane / SCF(Skp2)-mediated degradation of p27/p21 / Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor signaling / TGF-beta receptor signaling in EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) / SMAD2/SMAD3:SMAD4 heterotrimer regulates transcription / Regulation of PLK1 Activity at G2/M Transition / Regulation of innate immune responses to cytosolic DNA / Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 / ABC-family proteins mediated transport / Degradation of DVL / Regulation of FZD by ubiquitination / N-glycan trimming in the ER and Calnexin/Calreticulin cycle / Hedgehog ligand biogenesis / Hedgehog 'on' state / Translesion synthesis by POLK / Translesion synthesis by POLI / Negative regulation of MAPK pathway / MAPK6/MAPK4 signaling / UCH proteinases / Josephin domain DUBs / DNA Damage Recognition in GG-NER / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in GG-NER / Dual Incision in GG-NER / Major pathway of rRNA processing in the nucleolus and cytosol / CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of Cdc6 / Cyclin D associated events in G1 / Ubiquitin Mediated Degradation of Phosphorylated Cdc25A / Formation of a pool of free 40S subunits / Formation of the ternary complex, and subsequently, the 43S complex / GTP hydrolysis and joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit / Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cyclin D / PTK6 Regulates RTKs and Their Effectors AKT1 and DOK1 / FBXL7 down-regulates AURKA during mitotic entry and in early mitosis / Regulation of RUNX2 expression and activity / Regulation of RUNX3 expression and activity / Regulation of PTEN stability and activity / ER Quality Control Compartment (ERQC) / Interleukin-1 signaling / Endosomal Sorting Complex Required For Transport (ESCRT) / Protein hydroxylation / Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) independent of the Exon Junction Complex (EJC) / Oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha / Downregulation of ERBB4 signaling / Formation of Incision Complex in GG-NER / E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins / Regulation of PTEN localization / Aggrephagy / GSK3B and BTRC:CUL1-mediated-degradation of NFE2L2 / L13a-mediated translational silencing of Ceruloplasmin expression / Stimuli-sensing channels / Orc1 removal from chromatin / Translation initiation complex formation / Ribosomal scanning and start codon recognition / Neddylation / Nonsense Mediated Decay (NMD) enhanced by the Exon Junction Complex (EJC) / Metalloprotease DUBs / Downregulation of ERBB2 signaling / Negative regulators of DDX58/IFIH1 signaling / RAS processing / Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex / Regulation of TNFR1 signaling / Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex / Dual incision in TC-NER / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in TC-NER / Synthesis of active ubiquitin: roles of E1 and E2 enzymes / Iron uptake and transport / KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway / Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation / Downregulation of SMAD2/3:SMAD4 transcriptional activity / Ovarian tumor domain proteases / Negative regulation of MET activity / EGFR downregulation / Cargo recognition for clathrin-mediated endocytosis / Peroxisomal protein import / Regulation of signaling by CBL / Ub-specific processing proteases / Clathrin-mediated endocytosis / polarity specification of anterior/posterior axis / cytoplasmic side of rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane / endonucleolytic cleavage to generate mature 3'-end of SSU-rRNA from (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) / protein-RNA complex assembly / endonucleolytic cleavage in ITS1 to separate SSU-rRNA from 5.8S rRNA and LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) / maturation of LSU-rRNA / rough endoplasmic reticulum / maturation of LSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) / ribosomal large subunit biogenesis / positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway / maturation of SSU-rRNA from tricistronic rRNA transcript (SSU-rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, LSU-rRNA) / determination of adult lifespan / maturation of SSU-rRNA / small-subunit processome / maintenance of translational fidelity / modification-dependent protein catabolic process / protein tag activity / rRNA processing / ribosome biogenesis Similarity search - Function
Ribosomal protein L30e / Ribosomal protein L23 / : / Ribosomal protein S26e signature. / Ribosomal protein S21e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein S21e signature. / Ribosomal protein S26e / Ribosomal protein S26e superfamily / Ribosomal protein S26e / : ...Ribosomal protein L30e / Ribosomal protein L23 / : / Ribosomal protein S26e signature. / Ribosomal protein S21e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein S21e signature. / Ribosomal protein S26e / Ribosomal protein S26e superfamily / Ribosomal protein S26e / : / Ribosomal protein S12e signature. / Ribosomal protein S12e / Ribosomal protein L29e / Ribosomal L29e protein family / Ribosomal protein S19e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein S19e signature. / Ribosomal protein S5, eukaryotic/archaeal / Ribosomal protein S21e / Ribosomal protein S21e superfamily / Ribosomal protein S21e / Ribosomal protein L13e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L13e signature. / Ribosomal protein S2, eukaryotic / S27a-like superfamily / Ribosomal protein L22e / Ribosomal protein L22e superfamily / Ribosomal L22e protein family / Ribosomal protein L10e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L10e signature. / Ribosomal protein L27e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L27e signature. / Ribosomal protein L10e / 40S Ribosomal protein S10 / Ribosomal protein L38e / Ribosomal protein L38e superfamily / Ribosomal L38e protein family / : / Ribosomal protein S7e signature. / Ribosomal protein L44e signature. / Plectin/S10, N-terminal / Plectin/S10 domain / : / Ribosomal protein S10, eukaryotic/archaeal / Ribosomal protein L19, eukaryotic / Ribosomal protein L19/L19e conserved site / Ribosomal protein L19e signature. / Ribosomal protein L6e signature. / Ribosomal protein L13e / Ribosomal protein L13e / 60S ribosomal protein L18a/ L20, eukaryotes / Ribosomal protein S25 / S25 ribosomal protein / Ribosomal protein S27a / Ribosomal protein S17e, conserved site / : / Ribosomal protein S27a / Ribosomal protein S17e signature. / Ribosomal protein S27a / Ribosomal protein S3Ae, conserved site / Ribosomal protein S3Ae signature. / Ribosomal protein L44e / Ribosomal protein S30 / Ribosomal protein L44 / Ribosomal protein S30 / Ribosomal protein S2, eukaryotic/archaeal / : / Ribosomal protein L34e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L34e signature. / Ribosomal protein L5 eukaryotic, C-terminal / Ribosomal L18 C-terminal region / 50S ribosomal protein L18Ae/60S ribosomal protein L20 and L18a / 40S ribosomal protein S29/30S ribosomal protein S14 type Z / Ribosomal L40e family / Ribosomal protein 50S-L18Ae/60S-L20/60S-L18A / 40S ribosomal protein S4, C-terminal domain / Ribosomal proteins 50S-L18Ae/60S-L20/60S-L18A / 40S ribosomal protein S4 C-terminus / Ribosomal protein S4e, N-terminal, conserved site / Ribosomal protein S4e signature. / Ribosomal protein L23/L25, N-terminal / Ribosomal protein L23, N-terminal domain / Ribosomal protein S3, eukaryotic/archaeal / Ribosomal_L40e / Ribosomal protein L40e / Ribosomal protein L40e superfamily / Eukaryotic Ribosomal Protein L27, KOW domain / Ribosomal protein 60S L18 and 50S L18e / Ribosomal Protein L6, KOW domain / Ribosomal protein L30e signature 2. / Ribosomal protein L27e / Ribosomal protein S19e / Ribosomal protein S8e, conserved site / Ribosomal protein L27e superfamily / Ribosomal protein S19e / Ribosomal L27e protein family / Ribosomal protein L36e signature. / Ribosomal protein S8e signature. / Ribosomal_S19e / Ribosomal protein S6, eukaryotic / Ribosomal protein L35Ae, conserved site Similarity search - Domain/homology
Large ribosomal subunit protein eL34 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS17 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL24 / Plectin/eS10 N-terminal domain-containing protein / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL4 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL19 / Ribosomal Protein, Small subunit / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL38 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS13 ...Large ribosomal subunit protein eL34 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS17 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL30 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL24 / Plectin/eS10 N-terminal domain-containing protein / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL4 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL19 / Ribosomal Protein, Small subunit / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL38 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS13 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS19 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL20 / 60S ribosomal protein L29 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS26 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL18 / Ribosomal protein L37 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL21 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL29 / Ubiquitin-like protein 1-ribosomal protein eS31 fusion protein / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS2 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL6 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS11 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS3 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS1 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS8 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL14 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL42 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS7 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL33 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL36 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS12 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS21 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL18 / Ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL3 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS5 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS15 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL39 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL22 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS25 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS14 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL13 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL15 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL27 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL16 / Ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL5B / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL24 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS12 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS24 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS17 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS4 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL23B / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS9 / 60S ribosomal protein L32 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS7 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL13 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS10 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS28 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL6 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL8 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL15 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL22 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS4 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS6 / Small ribosomal subunit protein eS27 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL43 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL31 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL14 / Large ribosomal subunit protein uL2 / Small ribosomal subunit protein uS19 / Large ribosomal subunit protein eL30 Similarity search - Component
Biological species
Caenorhabditis elegans (invertebrata)
Method
single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.63 Å
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
R01GM131012
United States
Citation
Journal: RNA / Year: 2024 Title: High-resolution reconstruction of a ribosome sheds light on evolutionary dynamics and tissue specificity. Authors: Enisha Sehgal / Chloe Wohlenberg / Evan M Soukup / Marcus J Viscardi / Vitor Hugo Balasco Serrão / Joshua A Arribere / Abstract: is an important model organism for human health and disease, with foundational contributions to the understanding of gene expression and tissue patterning in animals. An invaluable tool in modern ... is an important model organism for human health and disease, with foundational contributions to the understanding of gene expression and tissue patterning in animals. An invaluable tool in modern gene expression research is the presence of a high-resolution ribosome structure, though no such structure exists for Here, we present a high-resolution single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstruction and molecular model of a ribosome, revealing a significantly streamlined animal ribosome. Many facets of ribosome structure are conserved in , including overall ribosomal architecture and the mechanism of cycloheximide, whereas other facets, such as expansion segments and eL28, are rapidly evolving. We identify uL5 and uL23 as two instances of tissue-specific ribosomal protein paralog expression conserved in , suggesting that ribosomes vary across tissues. The ribosome structure will provide a basis for future structural, biochemical, and genetic studies of translation in this important animal system.
Model: Quantifoil R2/1 / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 200 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: CONTINUOUS / Support film - Film thickness: 2 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 20 sec.
Vitrification
Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 298 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
-
Electron microscopy
Microscope
TFS KRIOS
Software
Name: SerialEM (ver. v4.93)
Image recording
Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOCONTINUUM (6k x 4k) / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 8337 / Average electron dose: 40.94 e/Å2
Electron beam
Acceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
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