National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
R35 GM148412
United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
R01 GM134035-01
United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)
F32 GM142266
United States
Citation
Journal: Nat Commun / Year: 2024 Title: Conformational coupling between extracellular and transmembrane domains modulates holo-adhesion GPCR function. Authors: Szymon P Kordon / Kristina Cechova / Sumit J Bandekar / Katherine Leon / Przemysław Dutka / Gracie Siffer / Anthony A Kossiakoff / Reza Vafabakhsh / Demet Araç / Abstract: Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors (aGPCRs) are key cell-adhesion molecules involved in numerous physiological functions. aGPCRs have large multi-domain extracellular regions (ECRs) containing a ...Adhesion G Protein-Coupled Receptors (aGPCRs) are key cell-adhesion molecules involved in numerous physiological functions. aGPCRs have large multi-domain extracellular regions (ECRs) containing a conserved GAIN domain that precedes their seven-pass transmembrane domain (7TM). Ligand binding and mechanical force applied on the ECR regulate receptor function. However, how the ECR communicates with the 7TM remains elusive, because the relative orientation and dynamics of the ECR and 7TM within a holoreceptor is unclear. Here, we describe the cryo-EM reconstruction of an aGPCR, Latrophilin3/ADGRL3, and reveal that the GAIN domain adopts a parallel orientation to the transmembrane region and has constrained movement. Single-molecule FRET experiments unveil three slow-exchanging FRET states of the ECR relative to the transmembrane region within the holoreceptor. GAIN-targeted antibodies, and cancer-associated mutations at the GAIN-7TM interface, alter FRET states, cryo-EM conformations, and receptor signaling. Altogether, this data demonstrates conformational and functional coupling between the ECR and 7TM, suggesting an ECR-mediated mechanism for aGPCR activation.
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