Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells / Oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha / Cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens (endosomes) / Autodegradation of Cdh1 by Cdh1:APC/C / APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Securin / APC/C:Cdh1 mediated degradation of Cdc20 and other APC/C:Cdh1 targeted proteins in late mitosis/early G1 / Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A / SCF(Skp2)-mediated degradation of p27/p21 / Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex / Downstream TCR signaling ...Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells / Oxygen-dependent proline hydroxylation of Hypoxia-inducible Factor Alpha / Cross-presentation of soluble exogenous antigens (endosomes) / Autodegradation of Cdh1 by Cdh1:APC/C / APC/C:Cdc20 mediated degradation of Securin / APC/C:Cdh1 mediated degradation of Cdc20 and other APC/C:Cdh1 targeted proteins in late mitosis/early G1 / Cdc20:Phospho-APC/C mediated degradation of Cyclin A / SCF(Skp2)-mediated degradation of p27/p21 / Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex / Downstream TCR signaling / Separation of Sister Chromatids / FCERI mediated NF-kB activation / Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 / Regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) / ABC-family proteins mediated transport / AUF1 (hnRNP D0) binds and destabilizes mRNA / Asymmetric localization of PCP proteins / Degradation of AXIN / Degradation of DVL / Hedgehog ligand biogenesis / Dectin-1 mediated noncanonical NF-kB signaling / CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling / Degradation of GLI1 by the proteasome / GLI3 is processed to GLI3R by the proteasome / Hedgehog 'on' state / Regulation of RAS by GAPs / NIK-->noncanonical NF-kB signaling / UCH proteinases / Ub-specific processing proteases / Assembly of the pre-replicative complex / Orc1 removal from chromatin / CDK-mediated phosphorylation and removal of Cdc6 / G2/M Checkpoints / Ubiquitin Mediated Degradation of Phosphorylated Cdc25A / Ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Cyclin D / The role of GTSE1 in G2/M progression after G2 checkpoint / FBXL7 down-regulates AURKA during mitotic entry and in early mitosis / Regulation of RUNX2 expression and activity / Regulation of RUNX3 expression and activity / Regulation of PTEN stability and activity / Neddylation / Interleukin-1 signaling / KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway / GSK3B and BTRC:CUL1-mediated-degradation of NFE2L2 / Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation / TNFR2 non-canonical NF-kB pathway / MAPK6/MAPK4 signaling / spermatoproteasome complex / proteasome core complex / immune system process / fat cell differentiation / proteasome endopeptidase complex / proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex / proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex / proteasomal protein catabolic process / threonine-type endopeptidase activity / T cell proliferation / proteolysis involved in protein catabolic process / P-body / response to virus / cell morphogenesis / endopeptidase activity / ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / postsynapse / nucleoplasm / identical protein binding / nucleus / cytoplasm / cytosol Similarity search - Function
Journal: Bioorg Med Chem / Year: 2024 Title: Optimization of α-amido boronic acids via cryo-electron microscopy analysis: Discovery of a novel highly selective immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (β5i)/LMP2 (β1i) dual inhibitor. Authors: Yuuki Arai / Hiroaki Shitama / Masahito Yamagishi / Satoshi Ono / Akiko Kashima / Masahiro Hiraizumi / Naoki Tsuda / Koushirou Katayama / Kouji Tanaka / Yuzo Koda / Sayuka Kato / Kei Sakata ...Authors: Yuuki Arai / Hiroaki Shitama / Masahito Yamagishi / Satoshi Ono / Akiko Kashima / Masahiro Hiraizumi / Naoki Tsuda / Koushirou Katayama / Kouji Tanaka / Yuzo Koda / Sayuka Kato / Kei Sakata / Osamu Nureki / Hiroshi Miyazaki / Abstract: The immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (β5i)/LMP2 (β1i) dual blockade has been reported to suppress B cell differentiation and activation, suggesting that the dual inhibition of LMP7/LMP2 is a promising ...The immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 (β5i)/LMP2 (β1i) dual blockade has been reported to suppress B cell differentiation and activation, suggesting that the dual inhibition of LMP7/LMP2 is a promising approach for treating autoimmune diseases. In contrast, the inhibition of the constitutive proteasome subunit β5c correlates with cytotoxicity against non-immune cells. Therefore, LMP7/LMP2 dual inhibitors with high selectivity over β5c may be desirable for treating autoimmune diseases. In this study, we present the optimization and discovery of α-amido boronic acids using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The exploitation of structural differences between the proteasome subunits led to the identification of a highly selective LMP7/LMP2 dual inhibitor 19. Molecular dynamics simulation based on cryo-EM structures of the proteasome subunits complexed with 19 explained the inhibitory activity profile. In mice immunized with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl conjugated to ovalbumin, results indicate that 19 is orally bioavailable and shows promise as potential treatment for autoimmune diseases.
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