[English] 日本語
Yorodumi
- EMDB-31980: Melatonin receptor1-2-Iodomelatonin-Gicomplex -

+
Open data


ID or keywords:

Loading...

-
Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-31980
TitleMelatonin receptor1-2-Iodomelatonin-Gicomplex
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: G protein coupled to melatonin receptor
    • Protein or peptide: Melatonin receptor type 1A
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL
  • Ligand: N-[2-(2-iodo-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide
KeywordsG protein coupled receptor / MEMBRANE PROTEIN
Function / homology
Function and homology information


melatonin receptor activity / organic cyclic compound binding / hormone binding / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / G-protein activation / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma ...melatonin receptor activity / organic cyclic compound binding / hormone binding / Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) / G-protein activation / Activation of the phototransduction cascade / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Sensory perception of sweet, bitter, and umami (glutamate) taste / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Ca2+ pathway / G alpha (z) signalling events / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / G alpha (q) signalling events / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / G alpha (i) signalling events / alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity / mating behavior / Activation of G protein gated Potassium channels / G-protein activation / G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma / Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor / G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 1 / Thromboxane signalling through TP receptor / Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors / G beta:gamma signalling through CDC42 / Inhibition of voltage gated Ca2+ channels via Gbeta/gamma subunits / Glucagon-type ligand receptors / G alpha (12/13) signalling events / G beta:gamma signalling through BTK / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding / Thrombin signalling through proteinase activated receptors (PARs) / Ca2+ pathway / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / G alpha (z) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / G alpha (q) signalling events / photoreceptor outer segment membrane / G alpha (i) signalling events / spectrin binding / Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP1) regulates insulin secretion / Vasopressin regulates renal water homeostasis via Aquaporins / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger / photoreceptor outer segment / T cell migration / Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway / positive regulation of protein localization to cell cortex / regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling / D2 dopamine receptor binding / G protein-coupled serotonin receptor binding / cardiac muscle cell apoptotic process / regulation of mitotic spindle organization / cellular response to forskolin / photoreceptor inner segment / adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / Regulation of insulin secretion / G protein-coupled receptor binding / G protein-coupled receptor activity / G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding / adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / response to peptide hormone / ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 / Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion / circadian rhythm / G alpha (z) signalling events / cellular response to catecholamine stimulus / ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production / sensory perception of taste / adenylate cyclase-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway / GPER1 signaling / GDP binding / cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus / G-protein beta-subunit binding / heterotrimeric G-protein complex / signaling receptor complex adaptor activity / GTPase binding / retina development in camera-type eye / phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration / cell cortex / cellular response to hypoxia / cell body / midbody / G alpha (i) signalling events / G alpha (s) signalling events / Hydrolases; Acting on acid anhydrides; Acting on GTP to facilitate cellular and subcellular movement / cell population proliferation / Extra-nuclear estrogen signaling / receptor complex / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway
Similarity search - Function
Melatonin receptor family / Melatonin receptor 1A/1B / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit ...Melatonin receptor family / Melatonin receptor 1A/1B / G-protein alpha subunit, group I / Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srsx / Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G-protein), alpha subunit / G protein alpha subunit, helical insertion / G-protein alpha subunit / G-alpha domain profile. / G protein alpha subunit / G-protein, gamma subunit / G-protein gamma subunit domain profile. / G-protein gamma-like domain / G-protein gamma-like domain superfamily / GGL domain / G protein gamma subunit-like motifs / GGL domain / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta subunit / G-protein, beta subunit / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 signature. / G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like / GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM / G-protein coupled receptors family 1 profile. / 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family) / G-protein beta WD-40 repeat / WD40 repeat, conserved site / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats signature. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats profile. / Trp-Asp (WD) repeats circular profile. / WD domain, G-beta repeat / WD40 repeats / WD40 repeat / WD40-repeat-containing domain superfamily / WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Melatonin receptor type 1A / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 / Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) / Bos taurus (cattle) / Mus musculus (house mouse)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.1 Å
AuthorsWang QG / Lu QY
Funding support China, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) China
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2022
Title: Structural basis of the ligand binding and signaling mechanism of melatonin receptors.
Authors: Qinggong Wang / Qiuyuan Lu / Qiong Guo / Maikun Teng / Qingguo Gong / Xu Li / Yang Du / Zheng Liu / Yuyong Tao /
Abstract: Melatonin receptors (MT and MT in humans) are family A G protein-coupled receptors that respond to the neurohormone melatonin to regulate circadian rhythm and sleep. Numerous efforts have been made ...Melatonin receptors (MT and MT in humans) are family A G protein-coupled receptors that respond to the neurohormone melatonin to regulate circadian rhythm and sleep. Numerous efforts have been made to develop drugs targeting melatonin receptors for the treatment of insomnia, circadian rhythm disorder, and cancer. However, designing subtype-selective melatonergic drugs remains challenging. Here, we report the cryo-EM structures of the MT-G signaling complex with 2-iodomelatonin and ramelteon and the MT-G signaling complex with ramelteon. These structures, together with the reported functional data, reveal that although MT and MT possess highly similar orthosteric ligand-binding pockets, they also display distinctive features that could be targeted to design subtype-selective drugs. The unique structural motifs in MT and MT mediate structural rearrangements with a particularly wide opening on the cytoplasmic side. G is engaged in the receptor core shared by MT and MT and presents a conformation deviating from those in other G complexes. Together, our results provide new clues for designing melatonergic drugs and further insights into understanding the G protein coupling mechanism.
History
DepositionSep 20, 2021-
Header (metadata) releaseMar 2, 2022-
Map releaseMar 2, 2022-
UpdateNov 6, 2024-
Current statusNov 6, 2024Processing site: PDBj / Status: Released

-
Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 0.3
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
  • Download
  • Surface view colored by height
  • Surface level: 0.3
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
  • Download
  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-7vgy
  • Surface level: 0.3
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
  • Download
Movie viewer
Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

Downloads & links

-
Map

FileDownload / File: emd_31980.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 125 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.83 Å/pix.
x 320 pix.
= 265.6 Å
0.83 Å/pix.
x 320 pix.
= 265.6 Å
0.83 Å/pix.
x 320 pix.
= 265.6 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.83 Å
Density
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.3 / Movie #1: 0.3
Minimum - Maximum-0.91713107 - 2.3401144
Average (Standard dev.)-0.0014745141 (±0.042615913)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions320320320
Spacing320320320
CellA=B=C: 265.6 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z0.830.830.83
M x/y/z320320320
origin x/y/z0.0000.0000.000
length x/y/z265.600265.600265.600
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
start NX/NY/NZ535455
NX/NY/NZ134138134
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS320320320
D min/max/mean-0.9172.340-0.001

-
Supplemental data

-
Sample components

-
Entire : G protein coupled to melatonin receptor

EntireName: G protein coupled to melatonin receptor
Components
  • Complex: G protein coupled to melatonin receptor
    • Protein or peptide: Melatonin receptor type 1A
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
    • Protein or peptide: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
    • Protein or peptide: scFv16
  • Ligand: CHOLESTEROL
  • Ligand: N-[2-(2-iodo-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide

-
Supramolecule #1: G protein coupled to melatonin receptor

SupramoleculeName: G protein coupled to melatonin receptor / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#5
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

-
Macromolecule #1: Melatonin receptor type 1A

MacromoleculeName: Melatonin receptor type 1A / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 39.408594 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: MQGNGSALPN ASQPVLRGDG ARPSWLASAL ACVLIFTIVV DILGNLLVIL SVYRNKKLRN AGNIFVVSLA VADLVVAIYP YPLVLMSIF NNGWNLGYLH CQVSGFLMGL SVIGSIFNIT GIAINRYCYI CHSLKYDKLY SSKNSLCYVL LIWLLTLAAV L PNLRAGTL ...String:
MQGNGSALPN ASQPVLRGDG ARPSWLASAL ACVLIFTIVV DILGNLLVIL SVYRNKKLRN AGNIFVVSLA VADLVVAIYP YPLVLMSIF NNGWNLGYLH CQVSGFLMGL SVIGSIFNIT GIAINRYCYI CHSLKYDKLY SSKNSLCYVL LIWLLTLAAV L PNLRAGTL QYDPRIYSCT FAQSVSSAYT IAVVVFHFLV PMIIVIFCYL RIWILVLQVR QRVKPDRKPK LKPQDFRNFV TM FVVFVLF AICWAPLNFI GLAVASDPAS MVPRIPEWLF VASYYMAYFN SCLNAIIYGL LNQNFRKEYR RIIVSLCTAR VFF VDSSND VADRVKWKPS PLMTNNNVVK VDSV

UniProtKB: Melatonin receptor type 1A

-
Macromolecule #2: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 40.283836 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: GCTLSAEDKA AVERSKMIDR NLREDGEKAA REVKLLLLGA GESGKSTIVK QMKIIHEAGY SEEECKQYKA VVYSNTIQSI IAIIRAMGR LKIDFGDSAR ADDARQLFVL AGAAEEGFMT AELAGVIKRL WKDSGVQACF NRSREYQLND SAAYYLNDLD R IAQPNYIP ...String:
GCTLSAEDKA AVERSKMIDR NLREDGEKAA REVKLLLLGA GESGKSTIVK QMKIIHEAGY SEEECKQYKA VVYSNTIQSI IAIIRAMGR LKIDFGDSAR ADDARQLFVL AGAAEEGFMT AELAGVIKRL WKDSGVQACF NRSREYQLND SAAYYLNDLD R IAQPNYIP TQQDVLRTRV KTTGIVETHF TFKDLHFKMF DVGGQRSERK KWIHCFEGVT AIIFCVALSD YDLVLAEDEE MN RMHESMK LFDSICNNKW FTDTSIILFL NKKDLFEEKI KKSPLTICYP EYAGSNTYEE AAAYIQCQFE DLNKRKDTKE IYT HFTCAT DTKNVQFVFD AVTDVIIKNN LKDCGLF

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1

-
Macromolecule #3: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 37.728152 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: GPGSSGSELD QLRQEAEQLK NQIRDARKAC ADATLSQITN NIDPVGRIQM RTRRTLRGHL AKIYAMHWGT DSRLLVSASQ DGKLIIWDS YTTNKVHAIP LRSSWVMTCA YAPSGNYVAC GGLDNICSIY NLKTREGNVR VSRELAGHTG YLSCCRFLDD N QIVTSSGD ...String:
GPGSSGSELD QLRQEAEQLK NQIRDARKAC ADATLSQITN NIDPVGRIQM RTRRTLRGHL AKIYAMHWGT DSRLLVSASQ DGKLIIWDS YTTNKVHAIP LRSSWVMTCA YAPSGNYVAC GGLDNICSIY NLKTREGNVR VSRELAGHTG YLSCCRFLDD N QIVTSSGD TTCALWDIET GQQTTTFTGH TGDVMSLSLA PDTRLFVSGA CDASAKLWDV REGMCRQTFT GHESDINAIC FF PNGNAFA TGSDDATCRL FDLRADQELM TYSHDNIICG ITSVSFSKSG RLLLAGYDDF NCNVWDALKA DRAGVLAGHD NRV SCLGVT DDGMAVATGS WDSFLKIWN

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1

-
Macromolecule #4: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

MacromoleculeName: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2
type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Bos taurus (cattle)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 7.432554 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString:
ASNNTASIAQ ARKLVEQLKM EANIDRIKVS KAAADLMAYC EAHAKEDPLL TPVPASENPF REKKFFC

UniProtKB: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2

-
Macromolecule #5: scFv16

MacromoleculeName: scFv16 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Mus musculus (house mouse)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 27.340482 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)
SequenceString: DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS ...String:
DVQLVESGGG LVQPGGSRKL SCSASGFAFS SFGMHWVRQA PEKGLEWVAY ISSGSGTIYY ADTVKGRFTI SRDDPKNTLF LQMTSLRSE DTAMYYCVRS IYYYGSSPFD FWGQGTTLTV SSGGGGSGGG GSGGGGSDIV MTQATSSVPV TPGESVSISC R SSKSLLHS NGNTYLYWFL QRPGQSPQLL IYRMSNLASG VPDRFSGSGS GTAFTLTISR LEAEDVGVYY CMQHLEYPLT FG AGTKLEL KGSLEVLFQ

-
Macromolecule #6: CHOLESTEROL

MacromoleculeName: CHOLESTEROL / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: CLR
Molecular weightTheoretical: 386.654 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-CLR:
CHOLESTEROL

-
Macromolecule #7: N-[2-(2-iodo-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide

MacromoleculeName: N-[2-(2-iodo-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide / type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: ML2
Molecular weightTheoretical: 358.175 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-ML2:
N-[2-(2-iodo-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide

-
Experimental details

-
Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

-
Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.4
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

-
Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 70.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: 1.2 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

-
Image processing

Startup modelType of model: PDB ENTRY
PDB model - PDB ID:
Final reconstructionNumber classes used: 1 / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.1 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 3578225
Initial angle assignmentType: ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION
Final angle assignmentType: ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION

+
About Yorodumi

-
News

-
Feb 9, 2022. New format data for meta-information of EMDB entries

New format data for meta-information of EMDB entries

  • Version 3 of the EMDB header file is now the official format.
  • The previous official version 1.9 will be removed from the archive.

Related info.:EMDB header

External links:wwPDB to switch to version 3 of the EMDB data model

-
Aug 12, 2020. Covid-19 info

Covid-19 info

URL: https://pdbj.org/emnavi/covid19.php

New page: Covid-19 featured information page in EM Navigator.

Related info.:Covid-19 info / Mar 5, 2020. Novel coronavirus structure data

+
Mar 5, 2020. Novel coronavirus structure data

Novel coronavirus structure data

Related info.:Yorodumi Speices / Aug 12, 2020. Covid-19 info

External links:COVID-19 featured content - PDBj / Molecule of the Month (242):Coronavirus Proteases

+
Jan 31, 2019. EMDB accession codes are about to change! (news from PDBe EMDB page)

EMDB accession codes are about to change! (news from PDBe EMDB page)

  • The allocation of 4 digits for EMDB accession codes will soon come to an end. Whilst these codes will remain in use, new EMDB accession codes will include an additional digit and will expand incrementally as the available range of codes is exhausted. The current 4-digit format prefixed with “EMD-” (i.e. EMD-XXXX) will advance to a 5-digit format (i.e. EMD-XXXXX), and so on. It is currently estimated that the 4-digit codes will be depleted around Spring 2019, at which point the 5-digit format will come into force.
  • The EM Navigator/Yorodumi systems omit the EMD- prefix.

Related info.:Q: What is EMD? / ID/Accession-code notation in Yorodumi/EM Navigator

External links:EMDB Accession Codes are Changing Soon! / Contact to PDBj

+
Jul 12, 2017. Major update of PDB

Major update of PDB

  • wwPDB released updated PDB data conforming to the new PDBx/mmCIF dictionary.
  • This is a major update changing the version number from 4 to 5, and with Remediation, in which all the entries are updated.
  • In this update, many items about electron microscopy experimental information are reorganized (e.g. em_software).
  • Now, EM Navigator and Yorodumi are based on the updated data.

External links:wwPDB Remediation / Enriched Model Files Conforming to OneDep Data Standards Now Available in the PDB FTP Archive

-
Yorodumi

Thousand views of thousand structures

  • Yorodumi is a browser for structure data from EMDB, PDB, SASBDB, etc.
  • This page is also the successor to EM Navigator detail page, and also detail information page/front-end page for Omokage search.
  • The word "yorodu" (or yorozu) is an old Japanese word meaning "ten thousand". "mi" (miru) is to see.

Related info.:EMDB / PDB / SASBDB / Comparison of 3 databanks / Yorodumi Search / Aug 31, 2016. New EM Navigator & Yorodumi / Yorodumi Papers / Jmol/JSmol / Function and homology information / Changes in new EM Navigator and Yorodumi

Read more