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- EMDB-25037: Cryo-EM 3D map of the human Exostosin-1 and Exostosin-2 heterodim... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-25037
TitleCryo-EM 3D map of the human Exostosin-1 and Exostosin-2 heterodimer in complex with a 7-sugar oligosaccharide acceptor analog
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: human EXT1/2
    • Protein or peptide: Exostosin-1
    • Protein or peptide: Exostosin-2
  • Ligand: URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
  • Ligand: MANGANESE (II) ION
Keywordsexostosin1 / exostosin2 / glycosyltransferase / heparan sulfate / acceptor / TRANSFERASE
Function / homology
Function and homology information


glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase / N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase / hypersensitivity / heart field specification / lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cell of high endothelial venule / heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity / glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity / N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity / smoothened signaling pathway involved in lung development / developmental growth involved in morphogenesis ...glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase / N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase / hypersensitivity / heart field specification / lymphocyte adhesion to endothelial cell of high endothelial venule / heparan sulfate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity / glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity / N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity / smoothened signaling pathway involved in lung development / developmental growth involved in morphogenesis / sweat gland development / perichondral bone morphogenesis / mesenchymal cell differentiation involved in bone development / response to leukemia inhibitory factor / UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex / chondrocyte hypertrophy / embryonic skeletal joint development / hematopoietic stem cell migration to bone marrow / fluid transport / tight junction organization / glucuronosyltransferase activity / limb joint morphogenesis / Defective EXT2 causes exostoses 2 / Defective EXT1 causes exostoses 1, TRPS2 and CHDS / heparin proteoglycan biosynthetic process / sebaceous gland development / glomerular basement membrane development / response to heparin / stomach development / glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process / glandular epithelial cell differentiation / HS-GAG biosynthesis / lymphocyte migration into lymphoid organs / sulfation / chondrocyte proliferation / dendritic cell migration / endochondral bone morphogenesis / dendrite self-avoidance / heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthetic process / acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity / endochondral bone growth / podocyte differentiation / hematopoietic stem cell homeostasis / cartilage development involved in endochondral bone morphogenesis / sodium ion homeostasis / basement membrane organization / vocalization behavior / olfactory bulb development / endochondral ossification / vacuole organization / cranial skeletal system development / multicellular organismal-level water homeostasis / leukocyte tethering or rolling / endoderm development / polysaccharide biosynthetic process / fear response / response to light intensity / optic nerve development / protein N-linked glycosylation / regulation of tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway / collagen fibril organization / neural crest cell differentiation / ossification involved in bone maturation / stem cell division / hair follicle morphogenesis / cell adhesion mediated by integrin / : / heart contraction / antigen processing and presentation / epithelial tube branching involved in lung morphogenesis / glycosyltransferase activity / mesoderm development / motor behavior / mesoderm formation / social behavior / blood vessel remodeling / fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway / catalytic complex / hematopoietic stem cell differentiation / cell fate commitment / chondrocyte differentiation / canonical Wnt signaling pathway / bone resorption / BMP signaling pathway / gastrulation / cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus / ossification / axon guidance / synaptic transmission, glutamatergic / protein catabolic process / wound healing / cellular response to virus / regulation of blood pressure / vasodilation / multicellular organism growth / protein-containing complex assembly / gene expression / protein heterodimerization activity / Golgi membrane / synapse
Similarity search - Function
Exostosin-like / Exostosin, GT47 domain / Exostosin GT47 domain / Glycosyl transferase 64 domain / Glycosyl transferase family 64 domain / Nucleotide-diphospho-sugar transferases
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Exostosin-1 / Exostosin-2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.8 Å
AuthorsLi H
Funding support United States, 1 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)CA231466 United States
CitationJournal: Nat Chem Biol / Year: 2023
Title: Structural basis for heparan sulfate co-polymerase action by the EXT1-2 complex.
Authors: Hua Li / Digantkumar Chapla / Robert A Amos / Annapoorani Ramiah / Kelley W Moremen / Huilin Li /
Abstract: Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are extended (-GlcAβ1,4GlcNAcα1,4-) co-polymers containing decorations of sulfation and epimerization that are linked to cell surface and extracellular matrix ...Heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are extended (-GlcAβ1,4GlcNAcα1,4-) co-polymers containing decorations of sulfation and epimerization that are linked to cell surface and extracellular matrix proteins. In mammals, HS repeat units are extended by an obligate heterocomplex of two exostosin family members, EXT1 and EXT2, where each protein monomer contains distinct GT47 (GT-B fold) and GT64 (GT-A fold) glycosyltransferase domains. In this study, we generated human EXT1-EXT2 (EXT1-2) as a functional heterocomplex and determined its structure in the presence of bound donor and acceptor substrates. Structural data and enzyme activity of catalytic site mutants demonstrate that only two of the four glycosyltransferase domains are major contributors to co-polymer syntheses: the EXT1 GT-B fold β1,4GlcA transferase domain and the EXT2 GT-A fold α1,4GlcNAc transferase domain. The two catalytic sites are over 90 Å apart, indicating that HS is synthesized by a dissociative process that involves a single catalytic site on each monomer.
History
DepositionSep 28, 2021-
Header (metadata) releaseSep 28, 2022-
Map releaseSep 28, 2022-
UpdateNov 13, 2024-
Current statusNov 13, 2024Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_25037.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_25037.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 64 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
0.83 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 211.968 Å		0.83 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 211.968 Å		0.83 Å/pix.
x 256 pix.
= 211.968 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

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Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.828 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.0131
Minimum - Maximum-0.0017577211 - 2.2084262
Average (Standard dev.)0.0024533528 (±0.036012698)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions256256256
Spacing256256256
CellA=B=C: 211.968 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Mask #1

Fileemd_25037_msk_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

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Slices (1/2)
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Additional map: #1

Fileemd_25037_additional_1.map
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Half map: #2

Fileemd_25037_half_map_1.map
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Half map: #1

Fileemd_25037_half_map_2.map
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Sample components

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Entire : human EXT1/2

EntireName: human EXT1/2
Components
  • Complex: human EXT1/2
    • Protein or peptide: Exostosin-1
    • Protein or peptide: Exostosin-2
  • Ligand: URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE
  • Ligand: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose
  • Ligand: MANGANESE (II) ION

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Supramolecule #1: human EXT1/2

SupramoleculeName: human EXT1/2 / type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#2
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Exostosin-1

MacromoleculeName: Exostosin-1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
EC number: glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 83.404023 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: GFRASRSHSR REEHSGRNGL HHPSPDHFWP RFPDALRPFV PWDQLENEDS SVHISPRQKR DANSSIYKGK KCRMESCFDF TLCKKNGFK VYVYPQQKGE KIAESYQNIL AAIEGSRFYT SDPSQACLFV LSLDTLDRDQ LSPQYVHNLR SKVQSLHLWN N GRNHLIFN ...String:
GFRASRSHSR REEHSGRNGL HHPSPDHFWP RFPDALRPFV PWDQLENEDS SVHISPRQKR DANSSIYKGK KCRMESCFDF TLCKKNGFK VYVYPQQKGE KIAESYQNIL AAIEGSRFYT SDPSQACLFV LSLDTLDRDQ LSPQYVHNLR SKVQSLHLWN N GRNHLIFN LYSGTWPDYT EDVGFDIGQA MLAKASISTE NFRPNFDVSI PLFSKDHPRT GGERGFLKFN TIPPLRKYML VF KGKRYLT GIGSDTRNAL YHVHNGEDVV LLTTCKHGKD WQKHKDSRCD RDNTEYEKYD YREMLHNATF CLVPRGRRLG SFR FLEALQ AACVPVMLSN GWELPFSEVI NWNQAAVIGD ERLLLQIPST IRSIHQDKIL ALRQQTQFLW EAYFSSVEKI VLTT LEIIQ DRIFKHISRN SLIWNKHPGG LFVLPQYSSY LGDFPYYYAN LGLKPPSKFT AVIHAVTPLV SQSQPVLKLL VAAAK SQYC AQIIVLWNCD KPLPAKHRWP ATAVPVVVIE GESKVMSSRF LPYDNIITDA VLSLDEDTVL STTEVDFAFT VWQSFP ERI VGYPARSHFW DNSKERWGYT SKWTNDYSMV LTGAAIYHKY YHYLYSHYLP ASLKNMVDQL ANCEDILMNF LVSAVTK LP PIKVTQKKQY KETMMGQTSR ASRWADPDHF AQRQSCMNTF ASWFGYMPLI HSQMRLDPVL FKDQVSILRK KYRDIERL

UniProtKB: Exostosin-1

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Macromolecule #2: Exostosin-2

MacromoleculeName: Exostosin-2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO
EC number: glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 77.238031 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Homo sapiens (human)
SequenceString: GWPHSIESSN DWNVEKRSIR DVPVVRLPAD SPIPERGDLS CRMHTCFDVY RCGFNPKNKI KVYIYALKKY VDDFGVSVSN TISREYNEL LMAISDSDYY TDDINRACLF VPSIDVLNQN TLRIKETAQA MAQLSRWDRG TNHLLFNMLP GGPPDYNTAL D VPRDRALL ...String:
GWPHSIESSN DWNVEKRSIR DVPVVRLPAD SPIPERGDLS CRMHTCFDVY RCGFNPKNKI KVYIYALKKY VDDFGVSVSN TISREYNEL LMAISDSDYY TDDINRACLF VPSIDVLNQN TLRIKETAQA MAQLSRWDRG TNHLLFNMLP GGPPDYNTAL D VPRDRALL AGGGFSTWTY RQGYDVSIPV YSPLSAEVDL PEKGPGPRQY FLLSSQVGLH PEYREDLEAL QVKHGESVLV LD KCTNLSE GVLSVRKRCH KHQVFDYPQV LQEATFCVVL RGARLGQAVL SDVLQAGCVP VVIADSYILP FSEVLDWKRA SVV VPEEKM SDVYSILQSI PQRQIEEMQR QARWFWEAYF QSIKAIALAT LQIINDRIYP YAAISYEEWN DPPAVKWGSV SNPL FLPLI PPQSQGFTAI VLTYDRVESL FRVITEVSKV PSLSKLLVVW NNQNKNPPED SLWPKIRVPL KVVRTAENKL SNRFF PYDE IETEAVLAID DDIIMLTSDE LQFGYEVWRE FPDRLVGYPG RLHLWDHEMN KWKYESEWTN EVSMVLTGAA FYHKYF NYL YTYKMPGDIK NWVDAHMNCE DIAMNFLVAN VTGKAVIKVT PRKKFKCPEC TAIDGLSLDQ THMVERSECI NKFASVF GT MPLKVVEHRA DPVLYKDDFP EKLKSFPNIG SL

UniProtKB: Exostosin-2

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Macromolecule #5: URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE

MacromoleculeName: URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / type: ligand / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 2 / Formula: UDP
Molecular weightTheoretical: 404.161 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-UDP:
URIDINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / UDP*YM

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Macromolecule #6: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

MacromoleculeName: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / type: ligand / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: NAG
Molecular weightTheoretical: 221.208 Da
Chemical component information

ChemComp-NAG:
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose

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Macromolecule #7: MANGANESE (II) ION

MacromoleculeName: MANGANESE (II) ION / type: ligand / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Formula: MN
Molecular weightTheoretical: 54.938 Da

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

Concentration0.3 mg/mL
BufferpH: 7
Component:
ConcentrationFormulaName
150.0 mMNaClsodium chloride
20.0 mMHEPESHEPES
GridModel: Quantifoil R2/1 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: HOLEY
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 95 % / Chamber temperature: 299 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
TemperatureMin: 193.0 K / Max: 193.0 K
Alignment procedureComa free - Residual tilt: 0.05 mrad
Image recording#0 - Image recording ID: 1 / #0 - Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / #0 - Number grids imaged: 1 / #0 - Number real images: 5108 / #0 - Average exposure time: 1.5 sec. / #0 - Average electron dose: 68.0 e/Å2 / #1 - Image recording ID: 2 / #1 - Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / #1 - Digitization - Dimensions - Width: 5760 pixel / #1 - Digitization - Dimensions - Height: 4092 pixel / #1 - Number grids imaged: 1 / #1 - Number real images: 7609 / #1 - Average exposure time: 1.5 sec. / #1 - Average electron dose: 72.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsC2 aperture diameter: 70.0 µm / Illumination mode: OTHER / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: 1.8 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.9 µm / Nominal magnification: 105000
Sample stageSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Image recording ID1
Particle selectionNumber selected: 11177472
Startup modelType of model: NONE
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.8 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.1) / Number images used: 321316
Initial angle assignmentType: ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION
Final angle assignmentType: ANGULAR RECONSTITUTION
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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Atomic model buiding 1

RefinementProtocol: AB INITIO MODEL
Output model

PDB-7sck:
Cryo-EM structure of the human Exostosin-1 and Exostosin-2 heterodimer in complex with a 7-sugar oligosaccharide acceptor analog

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