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- EMDB-21501: Amyloid-beta(1-40) fibril derived from Alzheimer's disease cortic... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-21501
TitleAmyloid-beta(1-40) fibril derived from Alzheimer's disease cortical tissue
Map dataCryoEM density map from RELION-based analysis
Sample
  • Complex: amyloid-beta(1-40) fibrils derived from human AD brain
    • Protein or peptide: Amyloid-beta precursor protein
Keywordsamyloid-beta / Alzheimer's disease / PROTEIN FIBRIL
Function / homology
Function and homology information


amyloid-beta complex / negative regulation of presynapse assembly / cytosolic mRNA polyadenylation / collateral sprouting in absence of injury / microglia development / regulation of synapse structure or activity / regulation of Wnt signaling pathway / synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction / Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands / axo-dendritic transport ...amyloid-beta complex / negative regulation of presynapse assembly / cytosolic mRNA polyadenylation / collateral sprouting in absence of injury / microglia development / regulation of synapse structure or activity / regulation of Wnt signaling pathway / synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction / Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands / axo-dendritic transport / axon midline choice point recognition / smooth endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis / astrocyte activation involved in immune response / NMDA selective glutamate receptor signaling pathway / mating behavior / regulation of spontaneous synaptic transmission / ciliary rootlet / Golgi-associated vesicle / PTB domain binding / Lysosome Vesicle Biogenesis / Insertion of tail-anchored proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane / positive regulation of amyloid fibril formation / neuron remodeling / Deregulated CDK5 triggers multiple neurodegenerative pathways in Alzheimer's disease models / nuclear envelope lumen / COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle / suckling behavior / signaling receptor activator activity / dendrite development / modulation of excitatory postsynaptic potential / TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation / presynaptic active zone / positive regulation of protein metabolic process / neuromuscular process controlling balance / Advanced glycosylation endproduct receptor signaling / The NLRP3 inflammasome / negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation / regulation of presynapse assembly / regulation of multicellular organism growth / transition metal ion binding / intracellular copper ion homeostasis / negative regulation of neuron differentiation / ECM proteoglycans / spindle midzone / positive regulation of T cell migration / smooth endoplasmic reticulum / Purinergic signaling in leishmaniasis infection / forebrain development / positive regulation of chemokine production / clathrin-coated pit / Notch signaling pathway / protein serine/threonine kinase binding / positive regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle / extracellular matrix organization / neuron projection maintenance / Mitochondrial protein degradation / response to interleukin-1 / ionotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of mitotic cell cycle / cholesterol metabolic process / axonogenesis / positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling / dendritic shaft / platelet alpha granule lumen / adult locomotory behavior / positive regulation of glycolytic process / central nervous system development / learning / positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production / trans-Golgi network membrane / positive regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation / endosome lumen / locomotory behavior / astrocyte activation / Post-translational protein phosphorylation / positive regulation of JNK cascade / microglial cell activation / regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticity / serine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity / synapse organization / TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation / positive regulation of non-canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / neuromuscular junction / visual learning / recycling endosome / positive regulation of interleukin-6 production / Golgi lumen / cognition / neuron cellular homeostasis / positive regulation of inflammatory response / endocytosis / Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs) / cellular response to amyloid-beta / neuron projection development / G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle / positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production / apical part of cell / synaptic vesicle / cell-cell junction / Platelet degranulation
Similarity search - Function
Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, copper-binding / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, copper-binding domain conserved site / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, copper-binding domain superfamily / Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD / Amyloid precursor protein (APP) copper-binding (CuBD) domain signature. / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, amyloid-beta peptide superfamily / Beta-amyloid peptide (beta-APP) / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, amyloid-beta peptide / Beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminal / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, intracellular domain, conserved site ...Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, copper-binding / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, copper-binding domain conserved site / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, copper-binding domain superfamily / Copper-binding of amyloid precursor, CuBD / Amyloid precursor protein (APP) copper-binding (CuBD) domain signature. / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, amyloid-beta peptide superfamily / Beta-amyloid peptide (beta-APP) / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, amyloid-beta peptide / Beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminal / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, intracellular domain, conserved site / Beta-amyloid precursor protein C-terminus / Amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain signature. / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, extracellular / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, heparin-binding / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, E2 domain / E2 domain superfamily / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein, heparin-binding domain superfamily / Amyloid A4 N-terminal heparin-binding / E2 domain of amyloid precursor protein / Amyloid precursor protein (APP) E1 domain profile. / Amyloid precursor protein (APP) E2 domain profile. / amyloid A4 / Amyloidogenic glycoprotein / Proteinase inhibitor I2, Kunitz, conserved site / Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family signature. / BPTI/Kunitz family of serine protease inhibitors. / Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Kunitz domain / Kunitz/Bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor domain / Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) family profile. / Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Kunitz domain superfamily / PH-like domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Amyloid-beta precursor protein
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Methodhelical reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.77 Å
AuthorsGhosh U / Thurber KR
CitationJournal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2021
Title: Molecular structure of a prevalent amyloid-β fibril polymorph from Alzheimer's disease brain tissue.
Authors: Ujjayini Ghosh / Kent R Thurber / Wai-Ming Yau / Robert Tycko /
Abstract: Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils exhibit self-propagating, molecular-level polymorphisms that may contribute to variations in clinical and pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report ...Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils exhibit self-propagating, molecular-level polymorphisms that may contribute to variations in clinical and pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report the molecular structure of a specific fibril polymorph, formed by 40-residue Aβ peptides (Aβ40), that is derived from cortical tissue of an AD patient by seeded fibril growth. The structure is determined from cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) images, supplemented by mass-per-length (MPL) measurements and solid-state NMR (ssNMR) data. Previous ssNMR studies with multiple AD patients had identified this polymorph as the most prevalent brain-derived Aβ40 fibril polymorph from typical AD patients. The structure, which has 2.8-Å resolution according to standard criteria, differs qualitatively from all previously described Aβ fibril structures, both in its molecular conformations and its organization of cross-β subunits. Unique features include twofold screw symmetry about the fibril growth axis, despite an MPL value that indicates three Aβ40 molecules per 4.8-Å β-sheet spacing, a four-layered architecture, and fully extended conformations for molecules in the central two cross-β layers. The cryoEM density, ssNMR data, and MPL data are consistent with β-hairpin conformations for molecules in the outer cross-β layers. Knowledge of this brain-derived fibril structure may contribute to the development of structure-specific amyloid imaging agents and aggregation inhibitors with greater diagnostic and therapeutic utility.
History
DepositionMar 2, 2020-
Header (metadata) releaseApr 1, 2020-
Map releaseJan 13, 2021-
UpdateMay 15, 2024-
Current statusMay 15, 2024Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Movie
  • Surface view with section colored by density value
  • Surface level: 0.021
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view colored by cylindrical radius
  • Surface level: 0.021
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Surface view with fitted model
  • Atomic models: PDB-6w0o
  • Surface level: 0.021
  • Imaged by UCSF Chimera
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  • Simplified surface model + fitted atomic model
  • Atomic modelsPDB-6w0o
  • Imaged by Jmol
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Movie viewer
Structure viewerEM map:
SurfViewMolmilJmol/JSmol
Supplemental images

emd_21501.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_21501.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 244.1 MB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
AnnotationCryoEM density map from RELION-based analysis
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesZ (Sec.)Y (Row.)X (Col.)
1.08 Å/pix.
x 400 pix.
= 432. Å		1.08 Å/pix.
x 400 pix.
= 432. Å		1.08 Å/pix.
x 400 pix.
= 432. Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 1.08 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 0.021 / Movie #1: 0.021
Minimum - Maximum-0.0682921 - 0.13522795
Average (Standard dev.)-0.0000037405164 (±0.0031375533)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderXYZ
Origin000
Dimensions400400400
Spacing400400400
CellA=B=C: 432.00003 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

CCP4 map header:

modeImage stored as Reals
Å/pix. X/Y/Z1.081.081.08
M x/y/z400400400
origin x/y/z0.0000.0000.000
length x/y/z432.000432.000432.000
α/β/γ90.00090.00090.000
start NX/NY/NZ000
NX/NY/NZ400400400
MAP C/R/S123
start NC/NR/NS000
NC/NR/NS400400400
D min/max/mean-0.0680.135-0.000

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Supplemental data

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Mask #1

Fileemd_21501_msk_1.map
Projections & Slices
AxesZYX

Projections

Slices (1/2)
Density Histograms

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)

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Sample components

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Entire : amyloid-beta(1-40) fibrils derived from human AD brain

EntireName: amyloid-beta(1-40) fibrils derived from human AD brain
Components
  • Complex: amyloid-beta(1-40) fibrils derived from human AD brain
    • Protein or peptide: Amyloid-beta precursor protein

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Supramolecule #1: amyloid-beta(1-40) fibrils derived from human AD brain

SupramoleculeName: amyloid-beta(1-40) fibrils derived from human AD brain
type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: all
Details: Fibrils produced by seeded growth using amyloid-beta in brain extract as the source of seeds. CryoEM and solid state NMR measurements were performed on second-generation seeded fibrils.
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 29 kDa/nm

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Macromolecule #1: Amyloid-beta precursor protein

MacromoleculeName: Amyloid-beta precursor protein / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 6 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 4.335852 KDa
SequenceString:
DAEFRHDSGY EVHHQKLVFF AEDVGSNKGA IIGLMVGGVV

UniProtKB: Amyloid-beta precursor protein

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processinghelical reconstruction
Aggregation statefilament

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Sample preparation

Concentration0.45 mg/mL
BufferpH: 7.4 / Component - Concentration: 10.0 mM / Component - Formula: Na2HPO4/NaH2PO4 / Component - Name: Phosphate buffer
Details: 10 mM phosphate buffer with 0.01% NaN3 to avoid microbial contamination. Buffers were filtered to avoid contamination.
GridModel: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: GOLD / Mesh: 300 / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 60 sec. / Pretreatment - Atmosphere: OTHER / Pretreatment - Pressure: 0.036000000000000004 kPa / Details: The grids were checked in microscope prior to use.
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 90 % / Chamber temperature: 293 K / Instrument: LEICA PLUNGER
Details: The grids were preblotted for 10 seconds and blotted for 6 seconds before plunging..
DetailsProtein exists in solution as amyloid fibrils of varying lengths.

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeTFS KRIOS
Alignment procedureComa free - Residual tilt: 6.0 mrad
Specialist opticsEnergy filter - Name: GIF Quantum LS / Energy filter - Slit width: 20 eV
DetailsPreliminary grid screening was done manually in FEI T12.
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K2 QUANTUM (4k x 4k) / Detector mode: SUPER-RESOLUTION / Digitization - Frames/image: 1-50 / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 1337 / Average exposure time: 10.0 sec. / Average electron dose: 73.5 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsC2 aperture diameter: 100.0 µm / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Cs: 2.7 mm / Nominal defocus max: -3.0 µm / Nominal defocus min: -0.5 µm / Nominal magnification: 130000
Sample stageSpecimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Cooling holder cryogen: NITROGEN
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

DetailsThe selected images were corrected for gain. The gain reference was not rotated or flipped.
Final reconstructionNumber classes used: 1
Applied symmetry - Helical parameters - Δz: 2.45 Å
Applied symmetry - Helical parameters - Δ&Phi: 179.66 °
Applied symmetry - Helical parameters - Axial symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Resolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 2.77 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Software - Name: RELION (ver. custom) / Software - details: modified from 3.0-beta
Details: A modified version of RELION 3.0-beta was used for the reconstruction. The modified version allowed local averaging of the rotation angle. Final reconstruction used 2-fold screw symmetry.
Number images used: 14775
Segment selectionNumber selected: 19790 / Software - Name: RELION (ver. 3.0) / Software - details: manual picking
Details: The particles were picked using Relion manual pick, with a 20A low pass filter and particle diameter of 30A.
Startup modelType of model: OTHER
Details: The initial model was taken from a lower-resolution cryoEM reconstruction of amyloid-beta(1-40) fibrils prepared without brain seeding, low-pass filtered at 10 Angstrom resolution.
Final angle assignmentType: NOT APPLICABLE
FSC plot (resolution estimation)

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Atomic model buiding 1

DetailsXplor-NIH was used to combine EM density with phi/psi restraints from NMR chemical shifts (from Talos-N Version 4.21 Rev 2016.343.11.31).
RefinementSpace: REAL / Protocol: AB INITIO MODEL
Output model

PDB-6w0o:
Amyloid-beta(1-40) fibril derived from Alzheimer's disease cortical tissue

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