ISG15 activating enzyme activity / ISG15 transferase activity / Ligases; Forming carbon-sulfur bonds; Acid-thiol ligases / positive regulation of protein oligomerization / ISG15-protein conjugation / regulation of type II interferon production / protein localization to mitochondrion / NS1 Mediated Effects on Host Pathways / response to type I interferon / E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme ...ISG15 activating enzyme activity / ISG15 transferase activity / Ligases; Forming carbon-sulfur bonds; Acid-thiol ligases / positive regulation of protein oligomerization / ISG15-protein conjugation / regulation of type II interferon production / protein localization to mitochondrion / NS1 Mediated Effects on Host Pathways / response to type I interferon / E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme / negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / negative regulation of viral genome replication / ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity / positive regulation of interleukin-10 production / positive regulation of bone mineralization / ubiquitin ligase complex / negative regulation of protein ubiquitination / positive regulation of interferon-beta production / positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation / ubiquitin binding / Negative regulators of DDX58/IFIH1 signaling / integrin-mediated signaling pathway / Termination of translesion DNA synthesis / response to virus / protein modification process / DDX58/IFIH1-mediated induction of interferon-alpha/beta / modification-dependent protein catabolic process / PKR-mediated signaling / ISG15 antiviral mechanism / protein tag activity / protein polyubiquitination / ubiquitin-protein transferase activity / Interferon alpha/beta signaling / positive regulation of type II interferon production / Antigen processing: Ubiquitination & Proteasome degradation / integrin binding / ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process / defense response to virus / protein ubiquitination / defense response to bacterium / Amyloid fiber formation / innate immune response / DNA damage response / ubiquitin protein ligase binding / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / extracellular region / nucleoplasm / ATP binding / nucleus / cytosol / cytoplasm Similarity search - Function
Journal: Nat Commun / Year: 2023 Title: Insights into the ISG15 transfer cascade by the UBE1L activating enzyme. Authors: Iona Wallace / Kheewoong Baek / J Rajan Prabu / Ronnald Vollrath / Susanne von Gronau / Brenda A Schulman / Kirby N Swatek / Abstract: The attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 to substrates by specific E1-E2-E3 enzymes is a well-established signalling mechanism of the innate immune response. Here, we present a 3.45 Å ...The attachment of the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15 to substrates by specific E1-E2-E3 enzymes is a well-established signalling mechanism of the innate immune response. Here, we present a 3.45 Å cryo-EM structure of a chemically trapped UBE1L-UBE2L6 complex bound to activated ISG15. This structure reveals the details of the first steps of ISG15 recognition and UBE2L6 recruitment by UBE1L (also known as UBA7). Taking advantage of viral effector proteins from severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza B virus (IBV), we validate the structure and confirm the importance of the ISG15 C-terminal ubiquitin-like domain in the adenylation reaction. Moreover, biochemical characterization of the UBE1L-ISG15 and UBE1L-UBE2L6 interactions enables the design of ISG15 and UBE2L6 mutants with altered selectively for the ISG15 and ubiquitin conjugation pathways. Together, our study helps to define the molecular basis of these interactions and the specificity determinants that ensure the fidelity of ISG15 signalling during the antiviral response.
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