Journal: Nat Commun / Year: 2022 Title: Ion transfer mechanisms in Mrp-type antiporters from high resolution cryoEM and molecular dynamics simulations. Authors: Yongchan Lee / Outi Haapanen / Anton Altmeyer / Werner Kühlbrandt / Vivek Sharma / Volker Zickermann / Abstract: Multiple resistance and pH adaptation (Mrp) cation/proton antiporters are essential for growth of a variety of halophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria under stress conditions. Mrp-type antiporters are ...Multiple resistance and pH adaptation (Mrp) cation/proton antiporters are essential for growth of a variety of halophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria under stress conditions. Mrp-type antiporters are closely related to the membrane domain of respiratory complex I. We determined the structure of the Mrp antiporter from Bacillus pseudofirmus by electron cryo-microscopy at 2.2 Å resolution. The structure resolves more than 99% of the sidechains of the seven membrane subunits MrpA to MrpG plus 360 water molecules, including ~70 in putative ion translocation pathways. Molecular dynamics simulations based on the high-resolution structure revealed details of the antiport mechanism. We find that switching the position of a histidine residue between three hydrated pathways in the MrpA subunit is critical for proton transfer that drives gated trans-membrane sodium translocation. Several lines of evidence indicate that the same histidine-switch mechanism operates in respiratory complex I.
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