Journal: Elife / Year: 2019 Title: The presence and absence of periplasmic rings in bacterial flagellar motors correlates with stator type. Authors: Mohammed Kaplan / Debnath Ghosal / Poorna Subramanian / Catherine M Oikonomou / Andreas Kjaer / Sahand Pirbadian / Davi R Ortega / Ariane Briegel / Mohamed Y El-Naggar / Grant J Jensen / Abstract: The bacterial flagellar motor, a cell-envelope-embedded macromolecular machine that functions as a cellular propeller, exhibits significant structural variability between species. Different torque- ...The bacterial flagellar motor, a cell-envelope-embedded macromolecular machine that functions as a cellular propeller, exhibits significant structural variability between species. Different torque-generating stator modules allow motors to operate in different pH, salt or viscosity levels. How such diversity evolved is unknown. Here, we use electron cryo-tomography to determine the in situ macromolecular structures of three Gammaproteobacteria motors: , , and , providing the first views of intact motors with dual stator systems. Complementing our imaging with bioinformatics analysis, we find a correlation between the motor's stator system and its structural elaboration. Motors with a single H-driven stator have only the core periplasmic P- and L-rings; those with dual H-driven stators have an elaborated P-ring; and motors with Na or Na/H-driven stators have both their P- and L-rings embellished. Our results suggest an evolution of structural elaboration that may have enabled pathogenic bacteria to colonize higher-viscosity environments in animal hosts.
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