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- PDB-9ymu: De novo initial transcribing RNA polymerase with 2-mer RNA and bo... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9ymu
TitleDe novo initial transcribing RNA polymerase with 2-mer RNA and bound CTP / Michaelis complex (RPitc2+CTP)
Components
  • (DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit ...) x 4
  • (T7A1 promoter fragment ...) x 2
  • Nascent RNA
  • RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD
KeywordsTRANSCRIPTION / RNA polymerase / initial transcribing complex / substrate-bound / nucleotide addition / pre-catalytic
Function / homology
Function and homology information


sigma factor antagonist complex / RNA polymerase complex / submerged biofilm formation / cellular response to cell envelope stress / regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation / sigma factor activity / bacterial-type flagellum assembly / bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding / cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility ...sigma factor antagonist complex / RNA polymerase complex / submerged biofilm formation / cellular response to cell envelope stress / regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation / sigma factor activity / bacterial-type flagellum assembly / bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding / cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility / nitrate assimilation / regulation of DNA-templated transcription elongation / transcription elongation factor complex / DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / transcription antitermination / DNA-templated transcription initiation / cell motility / ribonucleoside binding / DNA-directed RNA polymerase / DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / response to heat / protein-containing complex assembly / intracellular iron ion homeostasis / protein dimerization activity / transcription cis-regulatory region binding / response to antibiotic / negative regulation of DNA-templated transcription / regulation of DNA-templated transcription / DNA-templated transcription / magnesium ion binding / DNA binding / zinc ion binding / membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
RNA polymerase sigma factor 70, non-essential domain / Sigma-70, non-essential region / RNA polymerase sigma factor 70, region 1.1 / Sigma-70 factor, region 1.1 superfamily / Sigma-70 factor, region 1.1 / Sigma-70 factors family signature 1. / RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD, C-terminal / RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD / : / RNA polymerase sigma-70 region 1.2 ...RNA polymerase sigma factor 70, non-essential domain / Sigma-70, non-essential region / RNA polymerase sigma factor 70, region 1.1 / Sigma-70 factor, region 1.1 superfamily / Sigma-70 factor, region 1.1 / Sigma-70 factors family signature 1. / RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD, C-terminal / RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD / : / RNA polymerase sigma-70 region 1.2 / Sigma-70 factor, region 1.2 / RNA polymerase sigma-70 region 3 / Sigma-70 region 3 / Sigma-70 factors family signature 2. / RNA polymerase sigma-70 / RNA polymerase sigma-70 region 4 / Sigma-70, region 4 / RNA polymerase sigma-70 region 2 / RNA polymerase sigma-70 like domain / Sigma-70 region 2 / RNA polymerase sigma factor, region 2 / RNA polymerase sigma factor, region 3/4-like / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, omega subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime, bacterial type / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit, external 1 domain superfamily / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit, external 1 domain / RNA polymerase beta subunit external 1 domain / RNA polymerase, alpha subunit, C-terminal / Bacterial RNA polymerase, alpha chain C terminal domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta subunit, bacterial-type / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, alpha subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 superfamily / RNA polymerase, subunit omega/Rpo6/RPB6 / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 superfamily / RPB6/omega subunit-like superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, clamp domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 / RNA polymerase, beta subunit, protrusion / RNA polymerase beta subunit / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, insert domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, RpoA/D/Rpb3-type / RNA polymerase Rpb3/RpoA insert domain / RNA polymerase Rpb3/Rpb11 dimerisation domain / RNA polymerases D / RNA polymerase, alpha subunit / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 2 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 / RNA polymerase, N-terminal / RNA polymerase Rpb1, funnel domain superfamily / RNA polymerase I subunit A N-terminus / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, insert domain superfamily / RNA polymerase, RBP11-like subunit / RNA polymerase, beta subunit, conserved site / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 7 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, OB-fold / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 7 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 3 / RNA polymerases beta chain signature. / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit 2, hybrid-binding domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit 2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit 2, hybrid-binding domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 6 / Winged helix-like DNA-binding domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
CYTIDINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / DNA / DNA (> 10) / RNA / RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesEscherichia coli (E. coli)
Escherichia phage T7 (virus)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.7 Å
AuthorsMueller, A.U. / Darst, S.A.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)R35GM118130 United States
CitationJournal: Mol Cell / Year: 2026
Title: Structural basis for multi-subunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalytic activity.
Authors: Andreas U Mueller / Seth A Darst /
Abstract: Multi-subunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the central enzyme of transcription, yet its catalytic mechanism remains obscure because high-resolution structures of intermediates with native ...Multi-subunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the central enzyme of transcription, yet its catalytic mechanism remains obscure because high-resolution structures of intermediates with native substrates are not available. We visualized E. coli RNAP on a promoter DNA template with nucleoside triphosphate substrates engaged in active RNA synthesis by cryo-electron microscopy. From this heterogeneous mixture, we determined five high-resolution structures of initial transcribing complexes, including a true Michaelis complex (MC) and a post-catalytic product complex (PC). The MC reveals key conformational transitions during catalysis. Waters in the MC and PC structures show striking overlap with those in corresponding S. cerevisiae RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) structures (see related paper by Li et al.), pointing to functional importance. Together, these results establish that RNAP catalyzes nucleotidyl transfer through a positional (entropic) mechanism, revealing structural determinants of the first step of gene expression.
History
DepositionOct 10, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Apr 29, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
I: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta
J: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'
K: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega
P: T7A1 promoter fragment non-template strand
R: Nascent RNA
G: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha
H: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha
L: RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD
Q: T7A1 promoter fragment template strand
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)522,33114
Polymers521,6689
Non-polymers6635
Water14,754819
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit ... , 4 types, 5 molecules IJKGH

#1: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta / RNAP subunit beta / RNA polymerase subunit beta / Transcriptase subunit beta


Mass: 150820.875 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Gene: rpoB, groN, nitB, rif, ron, stl, stv, tabD, b3987, JW3950
Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P0A8V2, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#2: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' / RNAP subunit beta' / RNA polymerase subunit beta' / Transcriptase subunit beta'


Mass: 156338.891 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoC, tabB, b3988, JW3951 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P0A8T7, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#3: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega / RNAP omega subunit / RNA polymerase omega subunit / Transcriptase subunit omega


Mass: 10249.547 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoZ, b3649, JW3624 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P0A800, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#6: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha / RNAP subunit alpha / RNA polymerase subunit alpha / Transcriptase subunit alpha


Mass: 36558.680 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoA, pez, phs, sez, b3295, JW3257 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P0A7Z4, DNA-directed RNA polymerase

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T7A1 promoter fragment ... , 2 types, 2 molecules PQ

#4: DNA chain T7A1 promoter fragment non-template strand


Mass: 29967.273 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Escherichia phage T7 (virus)
#8: DNA chain T7A1 promoter fragment template strand


Mass: 29868.105 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Escherichia phage T7 (virus)

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RNA chain / Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules RL

#5: RNA chain Nascent RNA


Mass: 590.414 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
#7: Protein RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoD / Sigma-70


Mass: 70715.609 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoD, alt, b3067, JW3039 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P00579

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Non-polymers , 4 types, 824 molecules

#9: Chemical ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#10: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#11: Chemical ChemComp-CTP / CYTIDINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 483.156 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C9H16N3O14P3 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#12: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 819 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Bacterial RNA polymerase open complex on T7A1 promoter with NTP substrates
Type: COMPLEX
Details: Bacterial RNA polymerase open complexes on the T7A1 promoter were prepared in vitro. Addition of ATP, UTP, and CTP started the reaction. Sample was vitrified to halt reaction.
Entity ID: #1-#8 / Source: MULTIPLE SOURCES
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
140 mMTrisC4H11NO31
2120 NaClsodium chlorideNaCl1
310 mMmagnesium chlorideMgCl21
41 mMdithiothreitolC4H10O2S21
51.5 mMfluorinated fos-choline-8C13H17F13NO4P1
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportDetails: 25mA; Pelco easiGlow / Grid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 400 divisions/in. / Grid type: C-flat-1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 283 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 1.343 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARC4.3.1particle selection
2PHENIX1.21.2_5419:model refinement
13cryoSPARC4.3.13D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.7 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 178661 / Symmetry type: POINT
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00332188
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.46543961
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d15.12512672
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.045011
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0045328

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