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- PDB-9puv: Insulin receptor bound to S961 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9puv
TitleInsulin receptor bound to S961
Components
  • Isoform Long of Insulin receptor
  • S961 Insulin receptor antagonist
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / Antagonist / receptor tyrosine kinase
Function / homology
Function and homology information


regulation of female gonad development / positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle / insulin-like growth factor II binding / positive regulation of developmental growth / insulin receptor complex / insulin-like growth factor I binding / insulin receptor activity / positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly / adrenal gland development / dendritic spine maintenance ...regulation of female gonad development / positive regulation of meiotic cell cycle / insulin-like growth factor II binding / positive regulation of developmental growth / insulin receptor complex / insulin-like growth factor I binding / insulin receptor activity / positive regulation of protein-containing complex disassembly / adrenal gland development / dendritic spine maintenance / insulin binding / cargo receptor activity / Signaling by Insulin receptor / PTB domain binding / IRS activation / neuronal cell body membrane / positive regulation of respiratory burst / amyloid-beta clearance / heart morphogenesis / insulin receptor substrate binding / positive regulation of receptor internalization / regulation of embryonic development / positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process / Signal attenuation / protein kinase activator activity / phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding / transport across blood-brain barrier / Insulin receptor recycling / insulin-like growth factor receptor binding / neuron projection maintenance / positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division / receptor-mediated endocytosis / positive regulation of glycolytic process / Insulin receptor signalling cascade / male gonad development / learning / dendrite membrane / positive regulation of D-glucose import across plasma membrane / receptor protein-tyrosine kinase / memory / caveola / insulin receptor signaling pathway / positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process / glucose homeostasis / cellular response to insulin stimulus / late endosome / protein autophosphorylation / amyloid-beta binding / PI5P, PP2A and IER3 Regulate PI3K/AKT Signaling / protein tyrosine kinase activity / positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction / positive regulation of MAPK cascade / positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction / signaling receptor complex / lysosome / endosome membrane / positive regulation of cell migration / G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway / external side of plasma membrane / protein domain specific binding / axon / positive regulation of cell population proliferation / symbiont entry into host cell / regulation of DNA-templated transcription / positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription / GTP binding / protein-containing complex binding / extracellular exosome / ATP binding / membrane / identical protein binding / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Insulin receptor, trans-membrane domain / Insulin receptor trans-membrane segment / Tyrosine-protein kinase, insulin-like receptor / Tyrosine-protein kinase, receptor class II, conserved site / Receptor tyrosine kinase class II signature. / Receptor L-domain / Furin-like cysteine-rich domain / Receptor L-domain superfamily / Furin-like cysteine rich region / Receptor L domain ...Insulin receptor, trans-membrane domain / Insulin receptor trans-membrane segment / Tyrosine-protein kinase, insulin-like receptor / Tyrosine-protein kinase, receptor class II, conserved site / Receptor tyrosine kinase class II signature. / Receptor L-domain / Furin-like cysteine-rich domain / Receptor L-domain superfamily / Furin-like cysteine rich region / Receptor L domain / Furin-like repeat / Furin-like repeats / Growth factor receptor cysteine-rich domain superfamily / Fibronectin type 3 domain / : / Fibronectin type-III domain profile. / Fibronectin type III / Fibronectin type III superfamily / Tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain / Tyrosine kinase, catalytic domain / Tyrosine protein kinases specific active-site signature. / Tyrosine-protein kinase, active site / Protein tyrosine and serine/threonine kinase / Serine-threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase, catalytic domain / Protein kinase, ATP binding site / Protein kinases ATP-binding region signature. / Immunoglobulin-like fold / Protein kinase domain profile. / Protein kinase domain / Protein kinase-like domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
Phage #D (virus)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.68 Å
AuthorsVogel, A. / Blakely, A. / Hill, C.P.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIH/NIDDK)R01DK127268 United States
Citation
Journal: Nat Commun / Year: 2026
Title: Structural basis of insulin receptor antagonism by bivalent site 1-site 2 ligands S961 and Ins-AC-S2.
Authors: Amber Vogel / Alan Blakely / Yuankun Dao / Nai-Pin Lin / Danny Chou / Christopher P Hill /
Abstract: Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare genetic disease characterized by overproduction of insulin. One class of potential treatments is insulin receptor antagonists like S961 and Ins-AC-S2, which ...Congenital hyperinsulinism is a rare genetic disease characterized by overproduction of insulin. One class of potential treatments is insulin receptor antagonists like S961 and Ins-AC-S2, which comprise segments for binding each of the two insulin-binding sites (site 1 and site 2) on the receptor. Notably, S597 - containing the same receptor binding segments as S961 but in the opposite order (site 2-site 1) - is an insulin receptor agonist rather than an antagonist. Using cryo-EM, we show how both S961 and Ins-AC-S2 bind an inactive conformation of the receptor, thereby explaining their antagonism. Furthermore, our structures reveal how agonist vs. antagonist activity is influenced by the order of site 1- and site 2-binding modules in bivalent ligands. Additionally, we show subtle differences between the receptor-binding mechanisms of S961 and Ins-AC-S2, which include displacement or engagement of αCT, and a binding interface between the Ins-AC-S2 insulin and the receptor FnIII-2/insert domains. These structural insights may inform development of next generation insulin receptor antagonists for treatment of congenital hyperinsulinism.
#1: Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2026
Title: Structural basis of transcription-coupled RNA damage by incorporation of oxidized ribonucleotides.
Authors: Peini Hou / Chanjoo Lee / Jenny Chong / Juntaek Oh / Dong Wang /
Abstract: Oxidative stress induces damage to DNA, RNA, and nucleotide pools. Unlike well-studied DNA damage, the formation of RNA damage and the impact of an oxidized ribonucleotide pool on transcription ...Oxidative stress induces damage to DNA, RNA, and nucleotide pools. Unlike well-studied DNA damage, the formation of RNA damage and the impact of an oxidized ribonucleotide pool on transcription fidelity are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the structural basis of transcription-coupled RNA damage and the effect of 8-oxo-guanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-rGTP) on RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription fidelity control steps. We revealed that the incorporation efficiency of 8-oxo-rGTP opposite a dC template is comparable to that of GTP. In contrast, the incorporation efficiency of 8-oxo-rGTP opposite a dA template is ~150-fold more efficient than that of GTP. For the extension step, Pol II extends substantially faster from a 3'-8-oxo-rG:dC base pair than from a 3'-8-oxo-rG:dA base pair. For the proofreading step, strikingly, Pol II EC with 3'-8-oxo-rG:dA base pair is much more resistant to backtracking and proofreading than Pol II EC with 3'-8-oxo-rG:dC base pair. Using X-ray crystallography, we revealed that 8-oxo-rGTP adopts different prechemistry binding sites depending on whether it is paired with a dC or a dA template. Upon incorporation, the nucleobase of 8-oxo-rG flips to the -conformation to form a Hoogsteen pair with a dA template, whereas it remains in the -conformation to form a Watson-Crick pair with a dC template. Collectively, our work demonstrates that nucleotide-pool oxidation can directly affect Pol II fidelity control steps and elongation dynamics and induce RNA damage in a transcription-coupled manner.
History
DepositionJul 31, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jun 10, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.0Jun 10, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jun 10, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Isoform Long of Insulin receptor
B: S961 Insulin receptor antagonist
C: Isoform Long of Insulin receptor
D: S961 Insulin receptor antagonist


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)321,7754
Polymers321,7754
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Isoform Long of Insulin receptor / IR


Mass: 156081.453 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: INSR / Production host: Homo sapiens (human)
References: UniProt: P06213, receptor protein-tyrosine kinase
#2: Protein/peptide S961 Insulin receptor antagonist


Mass: 4806.093 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Phage #D (virus)
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Insulin Receptor-A isoform complexed with two S961 molecules.
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: MULTIPLE SOURCES
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Cell: HEK293
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: OTHER
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: NONE
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.68 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 378182 / Symmetry type: POINT

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