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- PDB-9b1m: Pyrazinoate bound human URAT1 in the inward-facing state (site1) -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9b1m
TitlePyrazinoate bound human URAT1 in the inward-facing state (site1)
ComponentsSolute carrier family 22 member 12
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / SLC transporter / SLC22A family / uric acid / inward facing
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Defective SLC22A12 causes renal hypouricemia 1 (RHUC1) / Organic anion transport / urate transport / renal urate salt excretion / urate transmembrane transporter activity / urate metabolic process / organic anion transport / cellular homeostasis / monoatomic ion transport / PDZ domain binding ...Defective SLC22A12 causes renal hypouricemia 1 (RHUC1) / Organic anion transport / urate transport / renal urate salt excretion / urate transmembrane transporter activity / urate metabolic process / organic anion transport / cellular homeostasis / monoatomic ion transport / PDZ domain binding / brush border membrane / cellular response to insulin stimulus / response to xenobiotic stimulus / apical plasma membrane / extracellular exosome / membrane / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Major facilitator superfamily / Major Facilitator Superfamily / Major facilitator superfamily domain / Major facilitator superfamily (MFS) profile. / MFS transporter superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
PYRAZINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID / Solute carrier family 22 member 12
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3 Å
AuthorsDai, Y. / Lee, C.H.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)GM143282 United States
CitationJournal: Cell Res / Year: 2024
Title: Transport mechanism and structural pharmacology of human urate transporter URAT1.
Authors: Yaxin Dai / Chia-Hsueh Lee /
Abstract: Urate is an endogenous product of purine metabolism in the liver. High urate levels in the blood lead to gout, a very common and painful inflammatory arthritis. Excreted urate is reabsorbed in the ...Urate is an endogenous product of purine metabolism in the liver. High urate levels in the blood lead to gout, a very common and painful inflammatory arthritis. Excreted urate is reabsorbed in the kidney mainly by URAT1 antiporter, a key target for anti-gout drugs. To uncover the mechanisms of urate transport and drug inhibition, we determined cryo-EM structures of human URAT1 with urate, counter anion pyrazinoate, or anti-gout drugs of different chemotypes - lesinurad, verinurad, and dotinurad. We captured the outward-to-inward transition of URAT1 during urate uptake, revealing that urate binds in a phenylalanine-rich pocket and engages with key gating residues to drive the transport cycle. In contrast to the single binding site for urate, pyrazinoate interacts with three distinct, functionally relevant sites within URAT1, a mechanism that has not yet been observed in other anion antiporters. In addition, we found that while all three drugs compete with substrates and halt the transport cycle, verinurad and dotinurad further hijack gating residues to achieve high potency. These insights advance our understanding of organic anion transport and provide a foundation for designing improved gout therapeutics.
History
DepositionMar 13, 2024Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Sep 18, 2024Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Solute carrier family 22 member 12
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)59,6033
Polymers59,2571
Non-polymers3452
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Solute carrier family 22 member 12 / Organic anion transporter 4-like protein / Renal-specific transporter / RST / Urate anion exchanger ...Organic anion transporter 4-like protein / Renal-specific transporter / RST / Urate anion exchanger 1 / URAT1 / Urate:anion antiporter SLC22A12


Mass: 59257.402 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: SLC22A12, OATL4, URAT1, UNQ6453/PRO34004 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: Q96S37
#2: Sugar ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
#3: Chemical ChemComp-VGL / PYRAZINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID / PYRAZINOIC ACID


Mass: 124.097 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C5H4N2O2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Pyrazinoate bound human URAT1 in the inward-facing state (site1).
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 6.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: OTHER
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm
Image recordingElectron dose: 68.9 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.21_5207: / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 55197 / Symmetry type: POINT

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