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- PDB-8hnv: CryoEM structure of HpaCas9-sgRNA-dsDNA in the presence of AcrIIC4 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 8hnv
TitleCryoEM structure of HpaCas9-sgRNA-dsDNA in the presence of AcrIIC4
Components
  • CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9
  • anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIC4
  • non-target strand
  • sgRNA
  • target strand
KeywordsANTIMICROBIAL PROTEIN / Cas9 / cleavage inhibition / HYDROLASE-RNA-ANTIMICROBIAL PROTEIN complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


maintenance of CRISPR repeat elements / endonuclease activity / defense response to virus / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds / DNA binding / RNA binding / metal ion binding
Similarity search - Function
RuvC endonuclease subdomain 3 / RuvC endonuclease subdomain 3 / CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 / HNH endonuclease / Cas9-type HNH domain / Cas9-type HNH domain profile. / HNH nuclease / Ribonuclease H superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / RNA / RNA (> 10) / RNA (> 100) / CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHaemophilus parainfluenzae (bacteria)
synthetic construct (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.1 Å
AuthorsSun, W. / Cheng, Z. / Wang, J. / Yang, X. / Wang, Y.
Funding support China, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) China
Citation
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2023
Title: AcrIIC4 inhibits type II-C Cas9 by preventing R-loop formation.
Authors: Wei Sun / Zhi Cheng / Jiuyu Wang / Jing Yang / Xueyan Li / Jinlong Wang / Minxuan Chen / Xiaoqi Yang / Gang Sheng / Jizhong Lou / Yanli Wang /
Abstract: Anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins are encoded by phages and other mobile genetic elements and inhibit host CRISPR-Cas immunity using versatile strategies. AcrIIC4 is a broad-spectrum Acr that inhibits the ...Anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins are encoded by phages and other mobile genetic elements and inhibit host CRISPR-Cas immunity using versatile strategies. AcrIIC4 is a broad-spectrum Acr that inhibits the type II-C CRISPR-Cas9 system in several species by an unknown mechanism. Here, we determined a series of structures of Cas9 (HpaCas9)-sgRNA in complex with AcrIIC4 and/or target DNA, as well as the crystal structure of AcrIIC4 alone. We found that AcrIIC4 resides in the crevice between the REC1 and REC2 domains of HpaCas9, where its extensive interactions restrict the mobility of the REC2 domain and prevent the unwinding of target double-stranded (ds) DNA at the PAM-distal end. Therefore, the full-length guide RNA:target DNA heteroduplex fails to form in the presence of AcrIIC4, preventing Cas9 nuclease activation. Altogether, our structural and biochemical studies illuminate a unique Acr mechanism that allows DNA binding to the Cas9 effector complex but blocks its cleavage by preventing R-loop formation, a key step supporting DNA cleavage by Cas9.
#1: Journal: mBio / Year: 2018
Title: Potent Cas9 Inhibition in Bacterial and Human Cells by AcrIIC4 and AcrIIC5 Anti-CRISPR Proteins.
Authors: Jooyoung Lee / Aamir Mir / Alireza Edraki / Bianca Garcia / Nadia Amrani / Hannah E Lou / Ildar Gainetdinov / April Pawluk / Raed Ibraheim / Xin D Gao / Pengpeng Liu / Alan R Davidson / ...Authors: Jooyoung Lee / Aamir Mir / Alireza Edraki / Bianca Garcia / Nadia Amrani / Hannah E Lou / Ildar Gainetdinov / April Pawluk / Raed Ibraheim / Xin D Gao / Pengpeng Liu / Alan R Davidson / Karen L Maxwell / Erik J Sontheimer /
Abstract: In their natural settings, CRISPR-Cas systems play crucial roles in bacterial and archaeal adaptive immunity to protect against phages and other mobile genetic elements, and they are also widely used ...In their natural settings, CRISPR-Cas systems play crucial roles in bacterial and archaeal adaptive immunity to protect against phages and other mobile genetic elements, and they are also widely used as genome engineering technologies. Previously we discovered bacteriophage-encoded Cas9-specific anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins that serve as countermeasures against host bacterial immunity by inactivating their CRISPR-Cas systems (A. Pawluk, N. Amrani, Y. Zhang, B. Garcia, et al., Cell 167:1829-1838.e9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.017). We hypothesized that the evolutionary advantages conferred by anti-CRISPRs would drive the widespread occurrence of these proteins in nature (K. L. Maxwell, Mol Cell 68:8-14, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2017.09.002; A. Pawluk, A. R. Davidson, and K. L. Maxwell, Nat Rev Microbiol 16:12-17, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.120; E. J. Sontheimer and A. R. Davidson, Curr Opin Microbiol 37:120-127, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2017.06.003). We have identified new anti-CRISPRs using the same bioinformatic approach that successfully identified previous Acr proteins (A. Pawluk, N. Amrani, Y. Zhang, B. Garcia, et al., Cell 167:1829-1838.e9, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.017) against Cas9 (NmeCas9). In this work, we report two novel anti-CRISPR families in strains of and , both of which harbor type II-C CRISPR-Cas systems (A. Mir, A. Edraki, J. Lee, and E. J. Sontheimer, ACS Chem Biol 13:357-365, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1021/acschembio.7b00855). We characterize the type II-C Cas9 orthologs from and , show that the newly identified Acrs are able to inhibit these systems, and define important features of their inhibitory mechanisms. The Acr is the most potent NmeCas9 inhibitor identified to date. Although inhibition of NmeCas9 by anti-CRISPRs from and reveals cross-species inhibitory activity, more distantly related type II-C Cas9s are not inhibited by these proteins. The specificities of anti-CRISPRs and divergent Cas9s appear to reflect coevolution of their strategies to combat or evade each other. Finally, we validate these new anti-CRISPR proteins as potent off-switches for Cas9 genome engineering applications. As one of their countermeasures against CRISPR-Cas immunity, bacteriophages have evolved natural inhibitors known as anti-CRISPR (Acr) proteins. Despite the existence of such examples for type II CRISPR-Cas systems, we currently know relatively little about the breadth of Cas9 inhibitors, and most of their direct Cas9 targets are uncharacterized. In this work we identify two new type II-C anti-CRISPRs and their cognate Cas9 orthologs, validate their functionality and in bacteria, define their inhibitory spectrum against a panel of Cas9 orthologs, demonstrate that they act before Cas9 DNA binding, and document their utility as off-switches for Cas9-based tools in mammalian applications. The discovery of diverse anti-CRISPRs, the mechanistic analysis of their cognate Cas9s, and the definition of Acr inhibitory mechanisms afford deeper insight into the interplay between Cas9 orthologs and their inhibitors and provide greater scope for exploiting Acrs for CRISPR-based genome engineering.
History
DepositionDec 8, 2022Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBJ
Revision 1.0Jul 19, 2023Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Aug 2, 2023Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_ASTM / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year
Revision 1.2Jul 3, 2024Group: Data collection / Category: chem_comp_atom / chem_comp_bond / em_admin / Item: _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9
B: sgRNA
C: target strand
D: non-target strand
E: anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIC4


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)194,1705
Polymers194,1705
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: gel filtration
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9


Mass: 121605.695 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Mutation: D13A,H581A
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: Two mutations D13A and H581A were introduced to inactivate the catalytic sites of HpaCas9. The first residue 'Ser' of the sample sequence is the one expressed from the vector left after tag cleavage.
Source: (gene. exp.) Haemophilus parainfluenzae (bacteria) / Gene: csn1 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: F0ET08
#2: RNA chain sgRNA


Mass: 40860.125 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Details: RNA is originally derived from Haemophilus parainfluenzae and modified by author.
Source: (synth.) synthetic construct (others)
#3: DNA chain target strand


Mass: 10865.029 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Haemophilus parainfluenzae (bacteria)
#4: DNA chain non-target strand


Mass: 10766.954 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Source: (synth.) Haemophilus parainfluenzae (bacteria)
#5: Protein anti-CRISPR protein AcrIIC4


Mass: 10072.395 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: WP_049372635.1;The first residue 'Ser' of the sample sequence is the one expressed from the vector left after tag cleavage.
Source: (gene. exp.) Haemophilus parainfluenzae (bacteria) / Gene: acrIIC4 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

Component
IDNameTypeEntity IDParent-IDSource
1Complex of HpaCas9-sgRNA-DNA in the presence of AcrIIC4COMPLEXall0MULTIPLE SOURCES
2HpaCas9/AcrIIC4COMPLEX#1, #51RECOMBINANT
3RNA/DNACOMPLEX#2-#41SYNTHETIC
Molecular weightValue: 0.194 MDa / Experimental value: YES
Source (natural)Organism: Haemophilus parainfluenzae (bacteria)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
1100 mMsodium chlorideNaCl1
220 mMtris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethaneTris1
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1600 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K2 QUANTUM (4k x 4k)

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Processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.1 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 212049 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: RIGID BODY FIT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 17.66 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00239613
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.550713550
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.03551624
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00411264
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d17.90042339

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