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- PDB-7b3c: Structure of elongating SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase w... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 7b3c
TitleStructure of elongating SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with Remdesivir at position -4 (structure 2)
Components
  • (Non-structural protein ...Viral nonstructural protein) x 2
  • DNA/RNA (5'-R(P*CP*UP*AP*CP*GP*CP*A)-D(P*(RMP))-R(P*GP*UP*G)-3')
  • RNA (5'-R(P*UP*CP*AP*CP*UP*UP*GP*CP*GP*UP*AP*G)-3')
  • RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / SARS-CoV-2 / Polymerase / Transcription / Replication / RNA / Remdesivir / Inhibition / Nucleotide Analogue
Function / homology
Function and homology information


protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / Maturation of replicase proteins / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs ...protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity, producing 3'-phosphomonoesters / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / Maturation of replicase proteins / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs / Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex / snRNP Assembly / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / : / double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane / SARS coronavirus main proteinase / host cell endosome / 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity / host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment / symbiont-mediated suppression of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway / symbiont-mediated degradation of host mRNA / mRNA guanylyltransferase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host ISG15-protein conjugation / G-quadruplex RNA binding / SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery / omega peptidase activity / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity / mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase / methyltransferase cap1 / host cell Golgi apparatus / symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification / mRNA (nucleoside-2'-O-)-methyltransferase activity / mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity / DNA helicase / ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 / cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases / single-stranded RNA binding / host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane / host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm / viral protein processing / lyase activity / RNA helicase / induction by virus of host autophagy / RNA-directed RNA polymerase / copper ion binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host gene expression / viral RNA genome replication / cysteine-type endopeptidase activity / RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity / DNA-templated transcription / lipid binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / host cell nucleus / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / ATP hydrolysis activity / proteolysis / RNA binding / zinc ion binding / ATP binding / membrane
Similarity search - Function
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / : / : / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain / Coronavirus Non-structural protein 13, zinc-binding domain / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, stalk domain / : / Coronavirus Nsp12 Interface domain profile. ...RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / : / : / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain / Coronavirus Non-structural protein 13, zinc-binding domain / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, stalk domain / : / Coronavirus Nsp12 Interface domain profile. / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / Nidovirus 2-O-methyltransferase / Coronavirus Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain profile. / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease domain / Nidovirus 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) domain profile. / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) domain profile. / Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain, coronavirus / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/Coronavirus NSP15 middle domain / Non-structural protein NSP15, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP15, middle domain superfamily / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerization / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, middle domain / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerisation / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/coronavirus NSP15 middle (AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP16, coronavirus-like / Non-structural protein 14, coronavirus / RNA polymerase, N-terminal, coronavirus / Coronavirus 2'-O-methyltransferase / Coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, N-terminal / Nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain profile. / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain / Nonstructural protein 13, zinc-binding domain, coronavirus-like / Coronaviridae zinc-binding (CV ZBD) domain profile. / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain profile. / Endoribonuclease EndoU-like / NendoU domain, nidovirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, uridylate-specific endoribonuclease / DNA2/NAM7 helicase-like, C-terminal / AAA domain / (+) RNA virus helicase core domain / (+)RNA virus helicase core domain profile. / Lipocalin signature. / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain, betacoronavirus / Sarbecovirus Nsp3c-N domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, N-terminal, betacoronavirus / Polyprotein cleavage domain PL2pro superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus SUD-C domain / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP3, N-terminal / NSP1 globular domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, SARS-CoV-like / Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase subdomain signature 2. / Coronavirus 3Ecto domain profile. / : / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e group 2-specific marker (G2M) domain profile. / NSP1, C-terminal domain, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-M domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP1 / Betacoronavirus single-stranded poly(A) binding domain / Betacoronavirus (BetaCoV) Nsp1 C-terminal domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-C domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e nucleic acid-binding (NAB) domain profile. / DPUP/SUD, C-terminal, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 6, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus nucleic acid-binding (NAB) / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3A domain-like superfamily / Papain-like protease, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Papain-like viral protease, palm and finger domains, coronavirus / : / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 middle domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 N-terminal domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 C-terminal domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / : / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp3 Y domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp1 globular domain profile. / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, N-terminal / Nonstructural protein 2, N-terminal domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, C-terminal / Non-structural protein 2, C-terminal domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus Nsp3a Ubl domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp3d Ubl domain profile. / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) Nsp7 cofactor domain profile. / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) Nsp8 cofactor domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp9 single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)-binding domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) ExoN/MTase coactivator domain profile. / NSP3, first ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / NSP3, second ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus
Similarity search - Domain/homology
RNA / RNA (> 10) / Replicase polyprotein 1ab
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.4 Å
AuthorsKokic, G. / Hillen, H.S. / Tegunov, D. / Dienemann, C. / Seitz, F. / Schmitzova, J. / Farnung, L. / Siewert, A. / Hoebartner, C. / Cramer, P.
Funding support Germany, 7items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
German Research Foundation (DFG)FOR2848 Germany
German Research Foundation (DFG)SFB860 Germany
German Research Foundation (DFG)SPP2191 Germany
German Research Foundation (DFG)EXC 2067/1- 390729940 Germany
German Research Foundation (DFG)SPP1784 Germany
European Research Council (ERC)682586 Germany
European Research Council (ERC)693023 Germany
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2021
Title: Mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase stalling by remdesivir.
Authors: Goran Kokic / Hauke S Hillen / Dimitry Tegunov / Christian Dienemann / Florian Seitz / Jana Schmitzova / Lucas Farnung / Aaron Siewert / Claudia Höbartner / Patrick Cramer /
Abstract: Remdesivir is the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The active form of remdesivir acts as a nucleoside analog and inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of ...Remdesivir is the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The active form of remdesivir acts as a nucleoside analog and inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir is incorporated by the RdRp into the growing RNA product and allows for addition of three more nucleotides before RNA synthesis stalls. Here we use synthetic RNA chemistry, biochemistry and cryo-electron microscopy to establish the molecular mechanism of remdesivir-induced RdRp stalling. We show that addition of the fourth nucleotide following remdesivir incorporation into the RNA product is impaired by a barrier to further RNA translocation. This translocation barrier causes retention of the RNA 3'-nucleotide in the substrate-binding site of the RdRp and interferes with entry of the next nucleoside triphosphate, thereby stalling RdRp. In the structure of the remdesivir-stalled state, the 3'-nucleotide of the RNA product is matched and located with the template base in the active center, and this may impair proofreading by the viral 3'-exonuclease. These mechanistic insights should facilitate the quest for improved antivirals that target coronavirus replication.
History
DepositionNov 30, 2020Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Dec 23, 2020Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jan 27, 2021Group: Database references / Category: citation / citation_author
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first ..._citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _citation_author.name
Revision 1.2Feb 3, 2021Group: Database references / Category: citation_author / Item: _citation_author.identifier_ORCID
Revision 1.3Jul 27, 2022Group: Database references / Source and taxonomy / Structure summary
Category: database_2 / entity ...database_2 / entity / entity_name_com / entity_src_gen
Item: _database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession ..._database_2.pdbx_DOI / _database_2.pdbx_database_accession / _entity.pdbx_description / _entity.pdbx_ec / _entity_name_com.name / _entity_src_gen.gene_src_common_name

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Structure visualization

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12
B: Non-structural protein 8
C: Non-structural protein 7
P: DNA/RNA (5'-R(P*CP*UP*AP*CP*GP*CP*A)-D(P*(RMP))-R(P*GP*UP*G)-3')
T: RNA (5'-R(P*UP*CP*AP*CP*UP*UP*GP*CP*GP*UP*AP*G)-3')
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)161,8517
Polymers161,7205
Non-polymers1312
Water0
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: gel filtration
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551
Buried area11650 Å2
ΔGint-95 kcal/mol
Surface area40770 Å2
MethodPISA

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Components

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Non-structural protein ... , 2 types, 2 molecules BC

#2: Protein Non-structural protein 8 / nsp8


Mass: 22175.309 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / Variant (production host): RIL / References: UniProt: P0DTD1
#3: Protein Non-structural protein 7 / nsp7


Mass: 9521.062 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / Variant (production host): RIL / References: UniProt: P0DTD1

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RNA chain , 2 types, 2 molecules PT

#4: RNA chain DNA/RNA (5'-R(P*CP*UP*AP*CP*GP*CP*A)-D(P*(RMP))-R(P*GP*UP*G)-3')


Mass: 4831.936 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Source: (synth.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
#5: RNA chain RNA (5'-R(P*UP*CP*AP*CP*UP*UP*GP*CP*GP*UP*AP*G)-3')


Mass: 18138.658 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Source: (synth.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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Protein / Non-polymers , 2 types, 3 molecules A

#1: Protein RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12 / Pol / RdRp / Non-structural protein 12 / nsp12


Mass: 107053.227 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1, RNA-directed RNA polymerase
#6: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn

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Details

Has ligand of interestY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

Component
IDNameTypeEntity IDParent-IDSource
1SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex (nsp12, nsp7, nsp8) with elongation scaffold containing remdesivir at position -4.COMPLEX#1-#50MULTIPLE SOURCES
2SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12)COMPLEX#11RECOMBINANT
3SARS-CoV-2 nsp7 and 8COMPLEX#2-#31RECOMBINANT
4DNA and RNACOMPLEX#4-#51RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
12Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 22697049
23Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 22697049
34Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 22697049
Source (recombinant)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
12Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper)7111
23Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)469008
34synthetic construct (others)32630
Buffer solutionpH: 7.4
Buffer component
IDConc.FormulaBuffer-ID
120 mMHepes1
2100 mMNaClSodium chloride1
31 mMMgCl21
41 mMTCEP1
SpecimenConc.: 2 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.15 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: FEI TITAN KRIOS / Details: 30 deg tilt.
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: OTHER
Electron lensMode: OTHER / Nominal magnification: 105000 X / Calibrated defocus min: 0.4 nm / Calibrated defocus max: 1.7 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / C2 aperture diameter: 70 µm / Alignment procedure: ZEMLIN TABLEAU
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)
EM imaging opticsEnergyfilter name: GIF Quantum LS / Energyfilter slit width: 20 eV

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1Warp1.0.7particle selection
2SerialEM3.8image acquisition
4Warp1.0.7CTF correction
7Coot0.9model fitting
9PHENIX1.18model refinement
12cryoSPARCclassification
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 1767915
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.4 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 474061 / Details: M was used / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: OTHER / Space: REAL
Atomic model buildingPDB-ID: 6YYT

6yyt

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