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- PDB-11mx: Influenza A virus Hemagglutinin (A/California/04/2009 H1N1), E47K... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 11mx
TitleInfluenza A virus Hemagglutinin (A/California/04/2009 H1N1), E47K HA2 stabilizing mutation (C1 symmetry) determined using the SPT Labtech chameleon in the presence of 0.25x SurfACT
ComponentsHemagglutinin
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / Hemagglutinin / Influenza A virus / H1N1 / Viral Entry / Trimer / Glycoprotein / Membrane Fusion
Function / homology
Function and homology information


viral budding from plasma membrane / clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell / host cell surface receptor binding / fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane / fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane / viral envelope / virion attachment to host cell / host cell plasma membrane / virion membrane / membrane
Similarity search - Function
Haemagglutinin, influenzavirus A / Haemagglutinin, HA1 chain, alpha/beta domain superfamily / Haemagglutinin / Haemagglutinin, influenzavirus A/B / Viral capsid/haemagglutinin protein
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Biological speciesInfluenza A virus
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.94 Å
AuthorsEnos, S.E. / Cook, B.D. / Rahmani, H. / Narehood, S.M. / Li, Y. / Kuschnerus, I.C. / Redford, H.T. / Dukakis, P. / Ji, D. / Bachochin, M.J. ...Enos, S.E. / Cook, B.D. / Rahmani, H. / Narehood, S.M. / Li, Y. / Kuschnerus, I.C. / Redford, H.T. / Dukakis, P. / Ji, D. / Bachochin, M.J. / Grotjahn, D.A. / Herzik, M.A.
Funding support United States, 5items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)5R35GM138206 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)1S10OD032471 United States
Other privateSearle Scholars United States
Other privateCottrell Scholars United States
Other privateGeorge W. and Carol A. Lattimer Faculty Research Fellowship United States
CitationJournal: bioRxiv / Year: 2026
Title: A Surfactant Cocktail Overcomes Air-Water Interface Artifacts in Single-Particle CryoEM.
Authors: Suzanne E Enos / Brian D Cook / Hamidreza Rahmani / Sarah M Narehood / Yizhou Li / Inga C Kuschnerus / Trevor H Redford / Peter Dukakis / Daniel Ji / Maxwell J Bachochin / Danielle A Grotjahn / Mark A Herzik
Abstract: Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) is a widely used technique for structure determination of biomacromolecules to near-atomic resolution. Random distributions of these molecules ...Single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) is a widely used technique for structure determination of biomacromolecules to near-atomic resolution. Random distributions of these molecules in vitrified ice are necessary to accumulate enough two-dimensional views to generate a complete three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction. However, interactions between the sample and the air-water interface (AWI) that occur during vitrification often bias the views of the sample, a phenomenon termed preferred orientation, limiting our ability to obtain 3-D reconstructions. Surfactants are often used as sample additives to prevent AWI-induced deterioration, but no general strategy exists for surfactant choice, requiring laborious screening for each sample. To circumvent these issues, we developed SurfACT, a cocktail of diverse surfactants with distinct physicochemical properties that limits AWI-dependent sample denaturation and orientation bias, while mitigating individual surfactant-specific drawbacks. Here we demonstrate SurfACT's effectiveness with four proteins plagued by AWI-induced issues, including two species of hemagglutinin (HA), molybdenum-iron protein (MoFeP) from the nitrogenase enzyme, and aldolase. All four samples show drastically improved viewing distribution and map completeness when SurfACT is applied. Cryogenic electron tomography demonstrates that SurfACT redistributes particles from the AWI into the bulk ice, driving signal recovery and inhibiting denaturation. This versatile sample additive minimizes sample-specific screening and expands the capabilities and range of suitable samples for cryoEM.
History
DepositionMar 5, 2026Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Data content type: Additional map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Additional map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Data content type: Additional map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Additional map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Data content type: Mask / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Mask / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 8, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Hemagglutinin
B: Hemagglutinin
C: Hemagglutinin


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)194,7203
Polymers194,7203
Non-polymers00
Water8,395466
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein Hemagglutinin


Mass: 64906.629 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Mutation: E47K
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Influenza A virus / Gene: HA / Cell line (production host): Expi293F / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: A0A6M3Z334
#2: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 466 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Influenza A virus Hemagglutinin (A/California/04/2009 H1N1), E47K HA2 stabilizing mutation (C1 symmetry) determined using the SPT Labtech chameleon in the presence of 0.25x SurfACT
Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.185 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Influenza A virus
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
Buffer component
IDConc.NameFormulaBuffer-ID
150 mMTRIS HClNH2C(CH2OH)3-HCl1
2150 mMSodium ChlorideNaCl1
30.0125 %w/vCHAPSOC32H58N2O8S1
40.0012 %w/vFOMC20H25F13O111
50.0625 %w/vAmphipol A8-35(C6.2H10.3O1.35N0.65Na0.35)721
60.015 %w/vBrij-35(C2H4O)nC12H26O1
SpecimenConc.: 3.7 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: COPPER / Grid type: Quantifoil Active R1.2/0.8
VitrificationInstrument: SPT LABTECH CHAMELEON / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 75 % / Chamber temperature: 298.15 K / Details: Samples were frozen with the SPT Labtech chameleon

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 165000 X / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 5 sec. / Electron dose: 65 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: TFS FALCON 4i (4k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 1966
EM imaging opticsEnergyfilter name: TFS Selectris X / Energyfilter slit width: 10 eV
Image scansWidth: 4096 / Height: 4096

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1cryoSPARC4.7.1particle selection
2EPU2image acquisition
4cryoSPARC4.7.1CTF correction
9PHENIX1.21.1_5286model refinement
10cryoSPARC4.7.1initial Euler assignment
11cryoSPARC4.7.1final Euler assignment
13cryoSPARC4.7.13D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C1 (asymmetric)
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.94 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 26950 / Algorithm: FOURIER SPACE / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingB value: 61.7 / Protocol: RIGID BODY FIT / Space: REAL
Atomic model buildingDetails: ModelAngelo / Source name: Other / Type: experimental model
RefinementHighest resolution: 2.94 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00511913
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.59916140
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d4.8741578
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0461743
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0052088

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