photosystem I reaction center / photosystem I / photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I / photosystem I / plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane / chlorophyll binding / photosynthesis / 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding / electron transfer activity / oxidoreductase activity ...photosystem I reaction center / photosystem I / photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem I / photosystem I / plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane / chlorophyll binding / photosynthesis / 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding / electron transfer activity / oxidoreductase activity / magnesium ion binding / metal ion binding Similarity search - Function
Photosystem I PsaX / Photosystem I PsaX superfamily / PsaX family / Photosystem I reaction center subunit PsaK / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit PsaK / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit PsaK superfamily / Photosystem I PsaM, reaction centre superfamily / Photosystem I PsaM, reaction centre / Photosystem I protein M (PsaM) / Photosystem I psaG and psaK proteins signature. ...Photosystem I PsaX / Photosystem I PsaX superfamily / PsaX family / Photosystem I reaction center subunit PsaK / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit PsaK / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit PsaK superfamily / Photosystem I PsaM, reaction centre superfamily / Photosystem I PsaM, reaction centre / Photosystem I protein M (PsaM) / Photosystem I psaG and psaK proteins signature. / Photosystem I reaction center subunit V/PsaK / Photosystem I psaG / psaK / Photosystem I PsaL, reaction centre subunit XI / Photosystem I, reaction centre subunit XI / Photosystem I PsaL, reaction centre subunit XI superfamily / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit XI / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit VIII / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit VIII / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit VIII superfamily / Photosystem I PsaF, reaction centre subunit III / Photosystem I PsaF, reaction centre subunit III superfamily / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit III / Photosystem I PsaD / Photosystem I, reaction centre subunit PsaD superfamily / PsaD / Photosystem I PsaE, reaction centre subunit IV / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit IV / PsaE / Photosystem I PsaJ, reaction centre subunit IX superfamily / Photosystem I PsaJ, reaction centre subunit IX / Photosystem I reaction centre subunit IX / PsaJ / Photosystem I PsaA / Photosystem I protein PsaC / Photosystem I PsaB / Photosystem I PsaA/PsaB, conserved site / Photosystem I psaA and psaB proteins signature. / Photosystem I PsaA/PsaB / Photosystem I PsaA/PsaB superfamily / : / Photosystem I psaA/psaB protein / Electron transport accessory-like domain superfamily / 4Fe-4S dicluster domain / 4Fe-4S ferredoxin, iron-sulphur binding, conserved site / 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur binding region signature. / 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type iron-sulfur binding domain profile. / 4Fe-4S ferredoxin-type, iron-sulphur binding domain Similarity search - Domain/homology
Photosystem I reaction center subunit III / Photosystem I reaction center subunit XII / Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 / Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2 / Photosystem I iron-sulfur center / Photosystem I reaction center subunit II / Photosystem I reaction center subunit IV / Photosystem I reaction center subunit PsaK / Photosystem I reaction center subunit VIII / Photosystem I reaction center subunit IX ...Photosystem I reaction center subunit III / Photosystem I reaction center subunit XII / Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 / Photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2 / Photosystem I iron-sulfur center / Photosystem I reaction center subunit II / Photosystem I reaction center subunit IV / Photosystem I reaction center subunit PsaK / Photosystem I reaction center subunit VIII / Photosystem I reaction center subunit IX / Photosystem I reaction center subunit XI / Photosystem I 4.8K protein Similarity search - Component
Biological species
Thermosynechococcus vestitus BP-1 (bacteria)
Method
single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.4 Å
Journal: bioRxiv / Year: 2026 Title: Molecular design principles for Photosystem I-based biohybrid solar fuel catalysts. Authors: Maximino D Emerson / Siva Naga Sai Damaraju / Audrey H Short / Zachary B Alvord / Zsolt A Palmer / Himanshu S Mehra / Christian M Brininger / Josh V Vermaas / Lisa M Utschig / Christopher J Gisriel / Abstract: Direct solar-to-chemical conversion offers a compelling route to clean, dispatchable energy. Photosystem I (PSI), an evolutionarily optimized light-driven oxidoreductase central to oxygenic ...Direct solar-to-chemical conversion offers a compelling route to clean, dispatchable energy. Photosystem I (PSI), an evolutionarily optimized light-driven oxidoreductase central to oxygenic photosynthesis, can be repurposed for direct solar-fuel production by efficiently coupling its photochemistry to catalysts, thereby storing sunlight as chemical energy in the H-H bond of H2. One promising architecture integrates PSI with Pt nanoparticle (PtNP) catalysts to create photocatalytic PSI-PtNP biohybrids. Advancing these systems requires molecular-level insight into protein-nanoparticle interactions and the bio-nano electron transfer pathways that govern activity; however, progress has been constrained by limited structural data to guide rational design. Here, we present two molecular structures of active PSI-PtNP assemblies that (a) compare thermophilic and mesophilic PSI scaffolds and (b) probe how removal of the terminal [4Fe-4S] clusters and stromal subunits in PSI reshapes protein-nanoparticle interfaces and photocatalysis. Structural analyses and molecular dynamics simulations define the interface topology, electrostatics, and cofactor-to-nanoparticle distances, revealing key molecular features that control biohybrid formation and electron transfer efficiency. These data establish mechanistic links between scaffold composition, bio-nano interface geometry, and catalytic performance, yielding design principles for optimizing PSI-PtNP architectures. The resulting structure-function insights provide a blueprint for engineering PSI-based solar-fuels systems and, more broadly, inform the design of protein-nanomaterial interfaces for light-driven catalysis.
Model: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 300 / Support film - Material: CARBON / Support film - topology: HOLEY / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 30 sec.
Vitrification
Cryogen name: ETHANE / Chamber humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277.5 K / Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV
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Electron microscopy
Microscope
FEI TALOS ARCTICA
Image recording
Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Number grids imaged: 1 / Number real images: 3092 / Average exposure time: 4.13 sec. / Average electron dose: 1.0 e/Å2
Electron beam
Acceleration voltage: 200 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
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