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- EMDB-26336: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6 -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: EMDB / ID: EMD-26336
TitleAPE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6
Map data
Sample
  • Complex: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6
    • Protein or peptide: Histone H3.2
    • Protein or peptide: Histone H4
    • Protein or peptide: Histone H2A type 1
    • Protein or peptide: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I
    • DNA: DNA (144-MER)
    • DNA: DNA (145-MER)
    • Protein or peptide: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease
Keywordsnucleosome / DNA damage / DNA repair / DNA BINDING PROTEIN / DNA BINDING PROTEIN-DNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


Resolution of Abasic Sites (AP sites) / phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands / telomere maintenance via base-excision repair / class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity / site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity, specific for altered base / DNA-(abasic site) binding / double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity / double-stranded telomeric DNA binding / exodeoxyribonuclease III / phosphodiesterase I activity ...Resolution of Abasic Sites (AP sites) / phosphodiesterase activity, acting on 3'-phosphoglycolate-terminated DNA strands / telomere maintenance via base-excision repair / class II DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity / site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease activity, specific for altered base / DNA-(abasic site) binding / double-stranded DNA exodeoxyribonuclease activity / double-stranded telomeric DNA binding / exodeoxyribonuclease III / phosphodiesterase I activity / double-stranded DNA 3'-5' DNA exonuclease activity / 3'-5'-DNA exonuclease activity / Displacement of DNA glycosylase by APEX1 / positive regulation of gene expression via chromosomal CpG island demethylation / phosphoric diester hydrolase activity / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Endodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / uracil DNA N-glycosylase activity / DNA catabolic process / Resolution of AP sites via the multiple-nucleotide patch replacement pathway / Abasic sugar-phosphate removal via the single-nucleotide replacement pathway / POLB-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair / PCNA-Dependent Long Patch Base Excision Repair / negative regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation / protein localization to CENP-A containing chromatin / Chromatin modifying enzymes / Replacement of protamines by nucleosomes in the male pronucleus / CENP-A containing nucleosome / Packaging Of Telomere Ends / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected purine / Cleavage of the damaged purine / base-excision repair, gap-filling / Deposition of new CENPA-containing nucleosomes at the centromere / DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease activity / nucleosomal DNA binding / Recognition and association of DNA glycosylase with site containing an affected pyrimidine / Cleavage of the damaged pyrimidine / regulation of mRNA stability / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / 3'-5' exonuclease activity / telomere organization / Meiotic synapsis / telomere maintenance / Interleukin-7 signaling / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Opening / Assembly of the ORC complex at the origin of replication / SUMOylation of chromatin organization proteins / cell redox homeostasis / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by the Human Silencing Hub (HUSH) complex / DNA methylation / Condensation of Prophase Chromosomes / SIRT1 negatively regulates rRNA expression / Chromatin modifications during the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) / HCMV Late Events / ERCC6 (CSB) and EHMT2 (G9a) positively regulate rRNA expression / innate immune response in mucosa / PRC2 methylates histones and DNA / DNA endonuclease activity / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by KRAB-ZFP proteins / Defective pyroptosis / Regulation of endogenous retroelements by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) / HDACs deacetylate histones / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape / Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ) / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / Formation of the beta-catenin:TCF transactivating complex / RUNX1 regulates genes involved in megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet function / NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression / Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3 / base-excision repair / G2/M DNA damage checkpoint / HDMs demethylate histones / B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression / DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence / chromatin DNA binding / heterochromatin formation / PKMTs methylate histone lysines / Metalloprotease DUBs / Meiotic recombination / Pre-NOTCH Transcription and Translation / RMTs methylate histone arginines / Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis / HCMV Early Events / Transcriptional regulation of granulopoiesis / structural constituent of chromatin / transcription corepressor activity / UCH proteinases / antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide / RNA-DNA hybrid ribonuclease activity / nucleosome / antibacterial humoral response / nucleosome assembly / E3 ubiquitin ligases ubiquitinate target proteins / Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks / chromatin organization / RUNX1 regulates transcription of genes involved in differentiation of HSCs / Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production / HATs acetylate histones / Processing of DNA double-strand break ends / Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) / endonuclease activity
Similarity search - Function
AP endonucleases family 1 signature 2. / AP endonuclease 1, conserved site / AP endonucleases family 1 signature 3. / AP endonuclease 1, binding site / AP endonucleases family 1 signature 1. / AP endonuclease 1 / AP endonucleases family 1 profile. / Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase / Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family / Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase superfamily ...AP endonucleases family 1 signature 2. / AP endonuclease 1, conserved site / AP endonucleases family 1 signature 3. / AP endonuclease 1, binding site / AP endonucleases family 1 signature 1. / AP endonuclease 1 / AP endonucleases family 1 profile. / Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase / Endonuclease/Exonuclease/phosphatase family / Endonuclease/exonuclease/phosphatase superfamily / Histone H2B signature. / Histone H2B / Histone H2B / Histone H2A conserved site / Histone H2A signature. / Histone H2A, C-terminal domain / C-terminus of histone H2A / Histone H2A / Histone 2A / Histone H4, conserved site / Histone H4 signature. / TATA box binding protein associated factor / TATA box binding protein associated factor (TAF), histone-like fold domain / Histone H4 / Histone H4 / CENP-T/Histone H4, histone fold / Centromere kinetochore component CENP-T histone fold / Histone H3 signature 1. / Histone H3 signature 2. / Histone H3 / Histone H3/CENP-A / Histone H2A/H2B/H3 / Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4 / Histone-fold
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Histone H2A type 1 / DNA repair nuclease/redox regulator APEX1 / Histone H4 / Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I / Histone H3.2
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human) / synthetic construct (others)
Methodsingle particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.4 Å
AuthorsWeaver TM / Freudenthal BD
Funding support United States, 2 items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)R35GM128562 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)F32GM140718 United States
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2022
Title: Structural basis for APE1 processing DNA damage in the nucleosome.
Authors: Tyler M Weaver / Nicole M Hoitsma / Jonah J Spencer / Lokesh Gakhar / Nicholas J Schnicker / Bret D Freudenthal /
Abstract: Genomic DNA is continually exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors that promote DNA damage. Eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, which present a barrier to accessing and ...Genomic DNA is continually exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors that promote DNA damage. Eukaryotic genomic DNA is packaged into nucleosomes, which present a barrier to accessing and effectively repairing DNA damage. The mechanisms by which DNA repair proteins overcome this barrier to repair DNA damage in the nucleosome and protect genomic stability is unknown. Here, we determine how the base excision repair (BER) endonuclease AP-endonuclease 1 (APE1) recognizes and cleaves DNA damage in the nucleosome. Kinetic assays determine that APE1 cleaves solvent-exposed AP sites in the nucleosome with 3 - 6 orders of magnitude higher efficiency than occluded AP sites. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of APE1 bound to a nucleosome containing a solvent-exposed AP site reveal that APE1 uses a DNA sculpting mechanism for AP site recognition, where APE1 bends the nucleosomal DNA to access the AP site. Notably, additional biochemical and structural characterization of occluded AP sites identify contacts between the nucleosomal DNA and histone octamer that prevent efficient processing of the AP site by APE1. These findings provide a rationale for the position-dependent activity of BER proteins in the nucleosome and suggests the ability of BER proteins to sculpt nucleosomal DNA drives efficient BER in chromatin.
History
DepositionMar 1, 2022-
Header (metadata) releaseSep 7, 2022-
Map releaseSep 7, 2022-
UpdateJun 12, 2024-
Current statusJun 12, 2024Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released

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Structure visualization

Supplemental images

emd_26336.png

Downloads & links

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Map

FileDownload / File: emd_26336.map.gz / Format: CCP4 / Size: 1.3 GB / Type: IMAGE STORED AS FLOATING POINT NUMBER (4 BYTES)
Projections & slices

Image control

Size
Brightness
Contrast
Others
AxesX (Sec.)Y (Row.)Z (Col.)
0.4 Å/pix.
x 700 pix.
= 280.525 Å		0.4 Å/pix.
x 700 pix.
= 280.525 Å		0.4 Å/pix.
x 700 pix.
= 280.525 Å

Surface

Projections

Slices (1/3)

Slices (1/2)

Slices (2/3)

Images are generated by Spider.

Voxel sizeX=Y=Z: 0.40075 Å
Density

Histogram

Histogram (log scale)
Contour LevelBy AUTHOR: 4.5
Minimum - Maximum-20.104305 - 35.585926000000001
Average (Standard dev.)-0.009052916 (±0.94034684)
SymmetrySpace group: 1
Details

EMDB XML:

Map geometry
Axis orderZYX
Origin000
Dimensions700700700
Spacing700700700
CellA=B=C: 280.525 Å
α=β=γ: 90.0 °

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Supplemental data

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Sample components

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Entire : APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6

EntireName: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6
Components
  • Complex: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6
    • Protein or peptide: Histone H3.2
    • Protein or peptide: Histone H4
    • Protein or peptide: Histone H2A type 1
    • Protein or peptide: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I
    • DNA: DNA (144-MER)
    • DNA: DNA (145-MER)
    • Protein or peptide: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease

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Supramolecule #1: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6

SupramoleculeName: APE1 bound to a nucleosome core particle with AP-site at SHL-6
type: complex / ID: 1 / Parent: 0 / Macromolecule list: #1-#7
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)

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Macromolecule #1: Histone H3.2

MacromoleculeName: Histone H3.2 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 1 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 15.257838 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
ARTKQTARKS TGGKAPRKQL ATKAARKSAP ATGGVKKPHR YRPGTVALRE IRRYQKSTEL LIRKLPFQRL VREIAQDFKT DLRFQSSAV MALQEASEAY LVGLFEDTNL AAIHAKRVTI MPKDIQLARR IRGERA

UniProtKB: Histone H3.2

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Macromolecule #2: Histone H4

MacromoleculeName: Histone H4 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 2 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 11.263231 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
SGRGKGGKGL GKGGAKRHRK VLRDNIQGIT KPAIRRLARR GGVKRISGLI YEETRGVLKV FLENVIRDAV TYTEHAKRKT VTAMDVVYA LKRQGRTLYG FGG

UniProtKB: Histone H4

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Macromolecule #3: Histone H2A type 1

MacromoleculeName: Histone H2A type 1 / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 3 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 13.990342 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
SGRGKQGGKA RAKAKTRSSR AGLQFPVGRV HRLLRKGNYA ERVGAGAPVY LAAVLEYLTA EILELAGNAA RDNKKTRIIP RHLQLAIRN DEELNKLLGK VTIAQGGVLP NIQAVLLPKK TESHHKAKGK

UniProtKB: Histone H2A type 1

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Macromolecule #4: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I

MacromoleculeName: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 4 / Number of copies: 2 / Enantiomer: LEVO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 13.806018 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString:
PEPAKSAPAP KKGSKKAVTK AQKKDGKKRK RSRKESYSVY VYKVLKQVHP DTGISSKAMG IMNSFVNDIF ERIAGEASRL AHYNKRSTI TSREIQTAVR LLLPGELAKH AVSEGTKAVT KYTSSK

UniProtKB: Histone H2B type 1-C/E/F/G/I

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Macromolecule #7: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease

MacromoleculeName: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease / type: protein_or_peptide / ID: 7 / Number of copies: 1 / Enantiomer: LEVO / EC number: Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 35.606492 KDa
Recombinant expressionOrganism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
SequenceString: MPKRGKKGAV AEDGDELRTE PEAKKSKTAA KKNDKEAAGE GPALYEDPPD QKTSPSGKPA TLKICSWNVD GLRAWIKKKG LDWVKEEAP DILCLQETKC SENKLPAELQ ELPGLSHQYW SAPSDKEGYS GVGLLSRQCP LKVSYGIGDE EHDQEGRVIV A EFDSFVLV ...String:
MPKRGKKGAV AEDGDELRTE PEAKKSKTAA KKNDKEAAGE GPALYEDPPD QKTSPSGKPA TLKICSWNVD GLRAWIKKKG LDWVKEEAP DILCLQETKC SENKLPAELQ ELPGLSHQYW SAPSDKEGYS GVGLLSRQCP LKVSYGIGDE EHDQEGRVIV A EFDSFVLV TAYVPNAGRG LVRLEYRQRW DEAFRKFLKG LASRKPLVLC GDLNVAHEEI DLRNPKGNKK NAGFTPQERQ GF GELLQAV PLADSFRHLY PNTPYAYTFW TYMMNARSKN VGWRLDYFLL SHSLLPALCD SKIRSKALGS DHCPITLYLA L

UniProtKB: DNA repair nuclease/redox regulator APEX1

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Macromolecule #5: DNA (144-MER)

MacromoleculeName: DNA (144-MER) / type: dna / ID: 5 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 45.005656 KDa
SequenceString: (DA)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DG) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT) ...String:
(DA)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DA) (DA)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DG) (DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DT) (DA)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DA) (DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DT) (DC)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DT) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DC) (DA)(DA)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DT) (DC)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DA) (DG)(DG)(DC)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DT) (DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(3DR) (DC)(DA)(DT)(DC) (DC)(DG)(DA)(DT)

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Macromolecule #6: DNA (145-MER)

MacromoleculeName: DNA (145-MER) / type: dna / ID: 6 / Number of copies: 1 / Classification: DNA
Source (natural)Organism: synthetic construct (others)
Molecular weightTheoretical: 45.610043 KDa
SequenceString: (DA)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DA) (DG)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC) ...String:
(DA)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT)(DG)(DT)(DA) (DT)(DA)(DT)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DG)(DA)(DC) (DA)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DG) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DG)(DG) (DA) (DG)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DT)(DC)(DC)(DC) (DC)(DT)(DT)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT)(DT) (DA)(DA) (DA)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG) (DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DC) (DG)(DT)(DA) (DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DT)(DT)(DT)(DA)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DT) (DG)(DC)(DT)(DA) (DG)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DT) (DG)(DT)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DA)(DC)(DC) (DA)(DA)(DT)(DT)(DG) (DA)(DG)(DC)(DG) (DG)(DC)(DC)(DT)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DA)(DC) (DC)(DG)(DG)(DG)(DA)(DT) (DT)(DC)(DT) (DC)(DG)(DA)(DT)

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Experimental details

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Structure determination

Methodcryo EM
Processingsingle particle reconstruction
Aggregation stateparticle

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Sample preparation

BufferpH: 7.4
Component:
ConcentrationName
50.0 mMsodium chloride
25.0 mMHEPES
5.0 mMEDTA
1.0 mMTCEP
GridModel: Quantifoil R2/2 / Material: COPPER / Mesh: 300 / Pretreatment - Type: GLOW DISCHARGE / Pretreatment - Time: 60 sec.
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy

MicroscopeFEI TITAN KRIOS
Image recordingFilm or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k) / Average electron dose: 50.0 e/Å2
Electron beamAcceleration voltage: 300 kV / Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN
Electron opticsIllumination mode: FLOOD BEAM / Imaging mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2.2 µm / Nominal defocus min: 0.8 µm
Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company

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Image processing

Startup modelType of model: OTHER
Final reconstructionResolution.type: BY AUTHOR / Resolution: 3.4 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Number images used: 58854
Initial angle assignmentType: RANDOM ASSIGNMENT / Software - Name: cryoSPARC / Details: Ab-initio
Final angle assignmentType: OTHER / Software - Name: cryoSPARC

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