blastocyst growth / chromosomal region / telomeric 3' overhang formation / telomere maintenance via telomere trimming / Mre11 complex / cellular response to nitrosative stress / negative regulation of telomere capping / BRCA1-C complex / peptidyl-serine autophosphorylation / establishment of RNA localization to telomere ...blastocyst growth / chromosomal region / telomeric 3' overhang formation / telomere maintenance via telomere trimming / Mre11 complex / cellular response to nitrosative stress / negative regulation of telomere capping / BRCA1-C complex / peptidyl-serine autophosphorylation / establishment of RNA localization to telomere / positive regulation of telomerase catalytic core complex assembly / Sensing of DNA Double Strand Breaks / establishment of protein-containing complex localization to telomere / protection from non-homologous end joining at telomere / positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomere lengthening / R-loop processing / negative regulation of B cell proliferation / regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase / extrinsic component of synaptic vesicle membrane / phosphorylation-dependent protein binding / DNA-dependent protein kinase activity / histone mRNA catabolic process / pre-B cell allelic exclusion / DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing / histone H2AXS139 kinase activity / isotype switching / nuclear inclusion body / DNA double-strand break processing / cellular response to X-ray / t-circle formation / homologous recombination / regulation of autophagosome assembly / pexophagy / positive regulation of autophagosome assembly / double-strand break repair via alternative nonhomologous end joining / HDR through MMEJ (alt-NHEJ) / protein localization to site of double-strand break / Impaired BRCA2 binding to PALB2 / DNA repair complex / mitotic G2/M transition checkpoint / reciprocal meiotic recombination / chromatin-protein adaptor activity / cellular response to stress / 1-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase activity / mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint signaling / TP53 Regulates Transcription of Caspase Activators and Caspases / response to ionizing radiation / response to starvation / Homologous DNA Pairing and Strand Exchange / Defective homologous recombination repair (HRR) due to BRCA1 loss of function / Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA1 binding function / Defective HDR through Homologous Recombination Repair (HRR) due to PALB2 loss of BRCA2/RAD51/RAD51C binding function / Resolution of D-loop Structures through Synthesis-Dependent Strand Annealing (SDSA) / HDR through Single Strand Annealing (SSA) / mitotic G2 DNA damage checkpoint signaling / Resolution of D-loop Structures through Holliday Junction Intermediates / TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in Cytochrome C Release / telomere maintenance in response to DNA damage / peroxisomal matrix / positive regulation of double-strand break repair / Impaired BRCA2 binding to RAD51 / positive regulation of telomere maintenance / replicative senescence / positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator / Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response / Presynaptic phase of homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange / regulation of DNA-templated DNA replication initiation / cellular response to retinoic acid / protein K63-linked ubiquitination / DNA damage checkpoint signaling / positive regulation of double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / regulation of cellular response to heat / signal transduction in response to DNA damage / positive regulation of telomere maintenance via telomerase / positive regulation of cell adhesion / negative regulation of TORC1 signaling / protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity / telomere maintenance / replication fork / regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator / Pexophagy / DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator / intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage / TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes / cellular response to reactive oxygen species / Nonhomologous End-Joining (NHEJ) / Stabilization of p53 / double-strand break repair via homologous recombination / cellular response to gamma radiation / regulation of autophagy / Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 / PML body / double-strand break repair via nonhomologous end joining / G2/M DNA damage checkpoint / Regulation of TP53 Activity through Methylation / cellular senescence / DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence / Meiotic recombination / spindle / HDR through Homologous Recombination (HRR) Similarity search - Function
Nibrin, C-terminal / Nibrin / DNA damage repair protein Nbs1 / DNA damage repair protein Nbs1 / Nibrin, second BRCT domain / Nibrin, second BRCT domain superfamily / Second BRCT domain on Nijmegen syndrome breakage protein / Nibrin-related / Telomere-length maintenance and DNA damage repair / Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATM, plant ...Nibrin, C-terminal / Nibrin / DNA damage repair protein Nbs1 / DNA damage repair protein Nbs1 / Nibrin, second BRCT domain / Nibrin, second BRCT domain superfamily / Second BRCT domain on Nijmegen syndrome breakage protein / Nibrin-related / Telomere-length maintenance and DNA damage repair / Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATM, plant / ATM, catalytic domain / Telomere-length maintenance and DNA damage repair / Telomere-length maintenance and DNA damage repair / Forkhead associated domain / Forkhead-associated (FHA) domain profile. / FHA domain / Forkhead-associated (FHA) domain / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase, FAT / FAT domain / FATC / FATC domain / PIK-related kinase / FAT domain profile. / FATC domain profile. / SMAD/FHA domain superfamily / BRCA1 C Terminus (BRCT) domain / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 1. / Phosphatidylinositol 3/4-kinase, conserved site / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases signature 2. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain superfamily / Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, catalytic domain / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinase / Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinases catalytic domain profile. / Phosphatidylinositol 3-/4-kinase, catalytic domain / BRCT domain / BRCT domain superfamily / Armadillo-type fold / Protein kinase-like domain superfamily Similarity search - Domain/homology
National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI)
5F32CA247320
United States
National Institutes of Health/Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NIH/NICHD)
CA008748
United States
Citation
Journal: Elife / Year: 2022 Title: Structure of the human ATM kinase and mechanism of Nbs1 binding. Authors: Christopher Warren / Nikola P Pavletich / Abstract: DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can lead to mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, genome instability, and cancer. Central to the sensing of DSBs is the ATM (Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) kinase, ...DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can lead to mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, genome instability, and cancer. Central to the sensing of DSBs is the ATM (Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) kinase, which belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinase (PIKK) family. In response to DSBs, ATM is activated by the MRN (Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1) protein complex through a poorly understood process that also requires double-stranded DNA. Previous studies indicate that the FxF/Y motif of Nbs1 directly binds to ATM, and is required to retain active ATM at sites of DNA damage. Here, we report the 2.5 Å resolution cryo-EM structures of human ATM and its complex with the Nbs1 FxF/Y motif. In keeping with previous structures of ATM and its yeast homolog Tel1, the dimeric human ATM kinase adopts a symmetric, butterfly-shaped structure. The conformation of the ATM kinase domain is most similar to the inactive states of other PIKKs, suggesting that activation may involve an analogous realigning of the N and C lobes along with relieving the blockage of the substrate-binding site. We also show that the Nbs1 FxF/Y motif binds to a conserved hydrophobic cleft within the Spiral domain of ATM, suggesting an allosteric mechanism of activation. We evaluate the importance of these structural findings with mutagenesis and biochemical assays.
History
Deposition
Oct 13, 2021
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Header (metadata) release
Feb 2, 2022
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Map release
Feb 2, 2022
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Update
Jun 5, 2024
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Current status
Jun 5, 2024
Processing site: RCSB / Status: Released
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Structure visualization
Movie
Surface view with section colored by density value
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