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TitlePlastoglobules compartmentalize nitrogen assimilation in maize.
Journal, issue, pagesNature, Year 2026
Publish dateJun 3, 2026
AuthorsDi Chen / Lulu Gao / Shujun Li / Yiqiu Cheng / Xiaoxian Wu / Wenhao Li / Jinman Zhang / Xueling Fu / Pan Xiang / Lu Sun / Zhiteng Chen / Hua Zhang / Youliang Li / Shiqi Luo / Chong You / Linhan Sun / Xing Huang / Yidong Zhu / Xing Zeng / Wenqin Wang / Yan He / Haihai Wang / Yu Zhang / Xuewei Chen / Yongrui Wu / Yongcai Huang /
PubMed AbstractEfficient nitrogen assimilation is important for sustainable agriculture, yet its subcellular organization remains unknown. Here we show that plastoglobules (PGs) in the chloroplasts of mesophyll ...Efficient nitrogen assimilation is important for sustainable agriculture, yet its subcellular organization remains unknown. Here we show that plastoglobules (PGs) in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells function as a metabolic hub that orchestrates nitrogen utilization in maize. Nitrogen-responsive dynamics of PGs represent a conserved feature across plant species. We identify two key enzymes, nitrite reductase 2 (ZmNIR2) and glutamine synthetase 1 (ZmGLN1), specifically targeted to PGs by a chloroplast transit peptide and hydrophobic region. Cryogenic electron microscopy analysis of recombinant ZmGLN1 shows a decameric complex, enabling a metabolon with ZmNIR2 for enhanced efficiency. Among two NIR and six GLN enzymes, ZmNIR2 and ZmGLN1 are the primary PG-localized components that orchestrate sub-organellar nitrogen assimilation and dictate nitrogen use efficiency. Genetic variation in ZmNIR2 splicing in cultivated germplasm generates a PG-targeted isoform (ZmNIR2) that boosts NUE. Our work establishes PGs as a central compartment for primary nitrogen assimilation, providing a promising strategy to develop high-NUE crops for global food security.
External linksNature / PubMed:42236940
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution1.98 Å
Structure data

66135

9wp6

EMDB-66135, PDB-9wp6:
The cryo-EM structure of Zea mays GLN1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 1.98 Å

Source
  • zea mays (maize)
KeywordsPLANT PROTEIN / chloroplast-localized;Glutamine synthetase; a decameric complex

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