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TitleA plant pathogen effector blocks stepwise assembly of a helper NLR resistosome.
Journal, issue, pagesSci Adv, Vol. 12, Issue 23, Page eaeb1931, Year 2026
Publish dateJun 5, 2026
AuthorsBenjamin A Seager / Adeline Harant / Mauricio P Contreras / Liang-Yu Hou / Chih Hang Wu / Sophien Kamoun / Jogi Madhuprakash /
PubMed AbstractHelper NLRs function as central nodes in plant immune networks. Upon activation, they oligomerize into inflammasome-like resistosomes to initiate immune signaling, yet the dynamics of resistosome ...Helper NLRs function as central nodes in plant immune networks. Upon activation, they oligomerize into inflammasome-like resistosomes to initiate immune signaling, yet the dynamics of resistosome assembly remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the virulence effector AVRcap1b from the Irish potato famine pathogen suppresses immune activation by directly engaging oligomerization intermediates of the tomato helper NLR SlNRC3. Cryo-EM structures of SlNRC3 in AVRcap1b-bound and unbound states reveal that AVRcap1b bridges multiple protomers, stabilizing a stalled intermediate and preventing formation of a functional resistosome. Leveraging AVRcap1b as a molecular tool, we also capture an additional SlNRC3 resistosome intermediate showing that assembly proceeds in a stepwise manner from dissociated monomers. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized vulnerability in NLR activation and reveal a pathogen strategy that disrupts immune complex assembly. This work advances mechanistic understanding of resistosome formation and uncovers a previously unrecognized facet of pathogen-plant coevolution.
External linksSci Adv / PubMed:42247517 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.85 - 3.21 Å
Structure data

EMDB-53988: Consensus cryo-EM map of SlNRC3-AVRcap1b complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.01 Å

EMDB-53989: Focused refined cryo-EM map of SlNRC3-AVRcap1b complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.21 Å

53990

9ri9

EMDB-53990, PDB-9ri9:
Cryo-EM structure of the tomato NRC3 hexameric resistosome
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.85 Å

53991

9ria

EMDB-53991, PDB-9ria:
Cryo-EM structure of tomato NRC3-AVRcap1b complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ATP:
ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / ATP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

Source
  • solanum lycopersicum (tomato)
  • phytophthora infestans (potato late blight agent)
KeywordsIMMUNE SYSTEM / Plant Immunity / NLR / Resistosome / Effector

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