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TitleAffinity maturation and light-chain-mediated paratope diversification anticipates viral evolution.
Journal, issue, pagesCell Rep, Vol. 45, Issue 1, Page 116800, Year 2025
Publish dateDec 30, 2025
AuthorsJohn Dingus / Duck-Kyun Yoo / Sachin Kumar / Yajuan Wang / Md Golam Kibria / Shahab Saghaei / Zahra Allahyari / Jessica W Chen / Natalie M Caputo / Jason Hwang / Bing Chen / Duane R Wesemann /
PubMed AbstractA key goal of vaccinology is to train the immune system to combat current pathogens while preparing it for future variants. Here, we investigate how Wuhan strain severe acute respiratory syndrome ...A key goal of vaccinology is to train the immune system to combat current pathogens while preparing it for future variants. Here, we investigate how Wuhan strain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccination generates "anticipatory breadth" in an antibody family exhibiting germline complementarity to the ACE2 binding site on the receptor-binding-domain (RBD). IGHV3-53/66 antibodies from infection-naive vaccinees frequently neutralize Omicron variants and contain hallmark breadth-enhancing mutations. While Omicron breakthrough infection does not alter IGHV3-53/66 mutation frequencies, it modifies Ig light-chain pairing frequencies, suggesting variant-driven selection for favorable pairings. Structural analyses of IGHV3-53/66-RBD complexes show that hallmark heavy-chain mutations refine interactions with conserved RBD residues, while alternative Ig light-chain pairings modify contacts at Omicron mutation sites. Together, these findings support a cooperative model of anticipatory breadth involving targeting of a functionally constrained epitope, affinity maturation to establish an affinity buffer, and alternative Ig light-chain pairings to diversify paratopes-providing a mechanistic framework for anticipating viral evolution.
External linksCell Rep / PubMed:41474620
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.85 Å
Structure data

71899

9pw4

EMDB-71899, PDB-9pw4:
Structure of V30V4 in complex with SARS-CoV-2 spike
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.85 Å

Source
  • severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • mus musculus (house mouse)
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / SARS-Cov-2 G614 antibody

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