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TitleExploring the Structural Divergence of HIV and SRLV Lentiviral Capsids.
Journal, issue, pagesJ Am Chem Soc, Vol. 147, Issue 36, Page 32883-32895, Year 2025
Publish dateSep 10, 2025
AuthorsFidel Arizaga / Christian Freniere / Juan S Rey / Matthew Cook / Chunxiang Wu / Juan R Perilla / Yong Xiong /
PubMed AbstractLentiviruses require a mature capsid to package and traffic their viral genome for successful infection and propagation. Although the HIV-1 capsid structure has been extensively studied, structural ...Lentiviruses require a mature capsid to package and traffic their viral genome for successful infection and propagation. Although the HIV-1 capsid structure has been extensively studied, structural information is lacking for other lentiviral capsids, limiting our understanding. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and a liposome-templating system, we assembled capsid-like particles (CLPs) and resolved capsid protein (CA) pentamer and hexamer lattice structures from the two major phylogenetic groups of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs). These structures exhibit an overall lattice organization like HIV-1 but differ in key characteristics, notably the absence of inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) in the SRLV CA lattice─a critical factor for HIV-1 capsid assembly and function. Additionally, SRLV CA pentamers show a unique N-terminal domain orientation, providing insights into SRLV capsid assembly mechanisms. These observations, together with our molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, results suggest a possible mechanism for importing deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) molecules into SRLV capsids. Furthermore, key regions of host factor interaction, such as the CypA binding motifs, have diverged in the SRLV CA assemblies. Our results contribute to understanding the SRLV lentiviral capsids which may facilitate structure-based inhibitor design strategies.
External linksJ Am Chem Soc / PubMed:40878534 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.98 - 3.5 Å
Structure data

48333

9mkp

EMDB-48333, PDB-9mkp:
CAEV CA Pentamer Assembled via Liposome Templating
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.5 Å

48334

9mkq

EMDB-48334, PDB-9mkq:
MVV CA Pentamer assembled via liposome templating
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.25 Å

48335

9mkr

EMDB-48335, PDB-9mkr:
CAEV CA Hexamer Assembled via Liposome Templating
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.0 Å

48336

9mks

EMDB-48336, PDB-9mks:
MVV CA Hexamer Assembled via Liposome Templating
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.13 Å

EMDB-48674: HIV-1 capsid hepta-hexamer templated on small unilamellar vesicles.
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.98 Å

Source
  • caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
  • visna-maedi virus
  • Human immunodeficiency virus 1
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / CAEV / Capsid / Pentamer / MVV / Hexamer

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