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TitleStructural basis of peptide recognition and modulation for neuropeptide FF receptors.
Journal, issue, pagesCell Rep, Vol. 44, Issue 9, Page 116160, Year 2025
Publish dateAug 19, 2025
AuthorsXinzhu Li / Heng Zhang / Wen Hu / Kai Wu / Shuai Li / Sanshan Jin / Yuling Yin / Qingning Yuan / H Eric Xu / Benxun Pan / Yi Jiang /
PubMed AbstractNeuropeptide FF receptors 1 and 2 (NPFFR1 and NPFFR2) are RF-amide peptide receptors that couple to G proteins and regulate pain, opioid tolerance, and metabolism. Despite their physiological ...Neuropeptide FF receptors 1 and 2 (NPFFR1 and NPFFR2) are RF-amide peptide receptors that couple to G proteins and regulate pain, opioid tolerance, and metabolism. Despite their physiological significance, their ligand selectivity and activation mechanisms remain unclear. Using cryoelectron microscopy, we resolved four NPFFR1 and NPFFR2 structures bound to NPFF or NPVF, revealing conserved C-terminal RF-amide interactions within the orthosteric pocket and N-terminal variations driving subtype specificity. Structural and mutagenesis analyses identified ECL2 and the receptor N terminus as key determinants of NPVF-NPFFR1 and NPFF-NPFFR2 selectivity. Additionally, the structures elucidate the activation mechanism and uncover distinct G-coupling features between NPFFR subtypes. These findings provide molecular insights into peptide recognition and receptor activation within the RF-amide family, offering a structural framework for designing selective NPFFR modulators to treat pain, addiction, and metabolic disorders with enhanced specificity and reduced off-target effects.
External linksCell Rep / PubMed:40839429
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.47 - 3.24 Å
Structure data

EMDB-63561, PDB-9m0r:
Structure of neuropeptide FF receptor 1 complex with NPVF
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.47 Å

EMDB-63578, PDB-9m1o:
Cryo-EM structures of NPFFR2 complex with neuropeptide FF
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.49 Å

EMDB-63584, PDB-9m2f:
Structure of neuropeptide FF receptor 1 complex with NPFF
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.93 Å

EMDB-63637, PDB-9m54:
Cryo-EM structure of neuropeptide FF receptor 2 complex with NPVF
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.24 Å

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
  • bos taurus (domestic cattle)
  • synthetic construct (others)
  • mus musculus (house mouse)
  • escherichia coli (E. coli)
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN/IMMUNE SYSTEM / GPCR / NPFFR1 / NPVF / NPFF / MEMBRANE PROTEIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex / NPFFR2 / GPR74 / cryo-EM

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