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TitleStructural mechanism underlying PHO1;H1-mediated phosphate transport in Arabidopsis.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Plants, Vol. 11, Issue 2, Page 309-320, Year 2025
Publish dateJan 21, 2025
AuthorsSunzhenhe Fang / Yang Yang / Xue Zhang / Zhao Yang / Minhua Zhang / Yang Zhao / Chensi Zhang / Fang Yu / Yong-Fei Wang / Peng Zhang /
PubMed AbstractArabidopsis PHOSPHATE 1 (AtPHO1) and its closest homologue AtPHO1;H1 are phosphate transporters that load phosphate into the xylem vessel for root-to-shoot translocation. AtPHO1 and AtPHO1;H1 are ...Arabidopsis PHOSPHATE 1 (AtPHO1) and its closest homologue AtPHO1;H1 are phosphate transporters that load phosphate into the xylem vessel for root-to-shoot translocation. AtPHO1 and AtPHO1;H1 are prototypical members of the unique SPX-EXS family, whose structural and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we determined the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of AtPHO1;H1 binding with inorganic phosphate (Pi) and inositol hexakisphosphate in a closed conformation. Further molecular dynamic simulation and AlphaFold prediction support an open conformation. AtPHO1;H1 forms a domain-swapped homodimer that involves both the transmembrane ERD1/XPR1/SYG1 (EXS) domain and the cytoplasmic SYG1/Pho81/XPR1 (SPX) domain. The EXS domain presented by the SPX-EXS family represents a novel protein fold, and an independent substrate transport pathway and substrate-binding site are present in each EXS domain. Two gating residues, Trp719 and Tyr610, are identified above the substrate-binding site to control opening and closing of the pathway. The SPX domain features positively charged patches and/or residues at the dimer interface to accommodate inositol hexakisphosphate molecules, whose binding mediates dimerization and enhances AtPHO1;H1 activity. In addition, a C-terminal tail is required for AtPHO1;H1 activity. On the basis of structural and functional analysis, a working model for Pi efflux mediated by AtPHO1;H1 and its homologues was postulated, suggesting a channel-like mechanism. This study not only reveals the molecular and regulatory mechanism underlying Pi transport mediated by the unique SPX-EXS family, but also provides potential for crop engineering to enhance phosphorus-use efficiency in sustainable agriculture.
External linksNat Plants / PubMed:39838070
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.05 - 3.34 Å
Structure data

60648

9ik4

EMDB-60648, PDB-9ik4:
Cryo-EM structure of Arabidopsis thaliana phosphate transporter PHO1;H1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.34 Å

61430

9jf8

EMDB-61430: Cryo-EM structure of the EXS domain of Arabidopsis thaliana phosphatetransporter PHO1;H1
PDB-9jf8: Cryo-EM structure of the EXS domain of Arabidopsis thaliana phosphate transporter PHO1;H1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.05 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-IHP:
INOSITOL HEXAKISPHOSPHATE

ChemComp-PO4:
PHOSPHATE ION

Source
  • arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / phosphate transport / SPX domain / SPX-EXS / InsP6 / PHO1 / cryo-EM

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