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Structure paper

TitleDirect coupling of human TOM and TIM22 complexes drives mitochondrial carrier import.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Struct Mol Biol, Year 2026
Publish dateJul 23, 2026
AuthorsXiaolong Liu / Hongjun Cai / Hao Wang / Xueyin Zhou / Yutong Zhang / Shuai Liu / Jiajun Zhu / Long Li /
PubMed AbstractMetabolite carriers that control essential metabolite transport are imported into mitochondria through the TOM and TIM22 complexes. How TOM and TIM22 coordinate in human mitochondria has remained ...Metabolite carriers that control essential metabolite transport are imported into mitochondria through the TOM and TIM22 complexes. How TOM and TIM22 coordinate in human mitochondria has remained largely unknown. Here we show that human TOM and TIM22 assemble into a supercomplex that seamlessly couples carrier translocation across the outer and inner membranes, unlike in yeast where the two complexes appear to function separately. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human TOM-TIM22 supercomplex reveal unpaired carrier transmembrane segments traversing the TOM channel along a hydrophobic path and exiting through an unexpected lateral groove outside the channel. The membrane-bound small Tim subunits provide the substrate entry site for TIM22, while a membrane-exposed groove of TIM22 serves as the exit for carrier insertion into the inner membrane. These findings provide insights into the human carrier translocation pathway at molecular resolution and establish the TOM-TIM22 supercomplex as a central organizing unit of mitochondrial carrier import.
External linksNat Struct Mol Biol / PubMed:42493623
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.98 - 12.37 Å
Structure data

EMDB-66278: Human TOM-TIM22 supercomplex with substrate GGC1-sfGFP
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 12.37 Å

66279

9wv1

EMDB-66279, PDB-9wv1:
Human TIM22 complex wtih substrate GGC1-sfGFP
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.1 Å

66280

9wv2

EMDB-66280, PDB-9wv2:
Human TOM complex with substrate GGC1-sfGFP
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.15 Å

66281

9wv3

EMDB-66281, PDB-9wv3:
Human TOM complex with substrate Tim22-GGC1-sfGFP
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.98 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-R16:
HEXADECANE

ChemComp-3PE:
1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerophosphoethanolamine / phospholipid*YM

ChemComp-PC1:
1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE / phospholipid*YM

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain atcc 204508 / s288c) (yeast)
KeywordsTRANSLOCASE / Mitochondria / Protein translocation

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