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TitleStructural basis for the constitutive activity of the melanocortin receptor family.
Journal, issue, pagesStructure, Vol. 33, Issue 6, Page 1074-11087.e5, Year 2025
Publish dateJun 5, 2025
AuthorsWenbo Feng / Qingtong Zhou / Chang Zheng / Dehua Yang / Ming-Wei Wang /
PubMed AbstractThe constitutive activity of melanocortin receptors (MCRs) is integral to several physiological processes. The unliganded cryo-electron microscopy structures of MC1R, MC2R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R in ...The constitutive activity of melanocortin receptors (MCRs) is integral to several physiological processes. The unliganded cryo-electron microscopy structures of MC1R, MC2R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R in complex with G proteins determined at global resolutions of 2.98 Å, 3.01 Å, 2.75 Å, 3.12 Å, and 2.86 Å, respectively, revealed that their binding poses and interactions with G are similar to those of agonist-bound MCRs. The extracellular regions of the transmembrane helices (TMs) exhibit distinct conformational rearrangements, characterized by varying shifts of TM3 and outward displacements of TM4. These variations represent unique structural features of constitutively activated MCRs. Unassigned electron densities were observed within the orthosteric pockets where extensive interactions with cognate ligands occur. In addition, zinc ions, but not calcium, positively regulated MC4R activity in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying MCR basal activity and highlight the role of divalent ions in receptor activation.
External linksStructure / PubMed:40157361
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.75 - 3.12 Å
Structure data

62014

9k3f

EMDB-62014, PDB-9k3f:
Cryo-EM structure of the unliganded human melanocortin receptor 3 (MC3R)-Gs complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.75 Å

62015

9k3h

EMDB-62015, PDB-9k3h:
Cryo-EM structure of the unliganded human melanocortin receptor 5 (MC5R)-Gs complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.86 Å

62017

9k3k

EMDB-62017, PDB-9k3k:
Cryo-EM structure of the unliganded human melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R)-Gs complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.12 Å

62018

9k3l

EMDB-62018, PDB-9k3l:
Cryo-EM structure of the unliganded human melanocortin receptor 2 (MC2R)-Gs complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.01 Å

62024

9k3p

EMDB-62024, PDB-9k3p:
Cryo-EM structure of the unliganded human melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R)-Gs complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.98 Å

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • synthetic construct (others)
  • bos taurus (domestic cattle)
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / human melanocortin receptor 3 / G protein-coupled receptor / unliganded / constitutive activity / human melanocortin receptor 5 / human melanocortin receptor 4 / human melanocortin receptor 2 / human melanocortin receptor 1 / unliganded constitutive activity

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