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TitlePulsed-electron illumination does not reduce beam damage for imaging biological macromolecules.
Journal, issue, pagesNat Commun, Vol. 17, Issue 1, Year 2026
Publish dateJun 17, 2026
AuthorsVishal Kumar / Julika Radecke / Chinmaya K V / Inayathulla Mohammed / Ricardo C Guerrero-Ferreira / Daniel Harder / Dimitrios Fotiadis / Henning Stahlberg /
PubMed AbstractRadiation damage remains a fundamental limitation in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), constraining the total electron dose that can be used and thus limiting high-resolution imaging of biological ...Radiation damage remains a fundamental limitation in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), constraining the total electron dose that can be used and thus limiting high-resolution imaging of biological specimens. Recent studies have proposed that temporally structured or pulsed electron beams could reduce radiation damage by allowing time for energy dissipation between individual electron interactions. To evaluate this hypothesis, we present a systematic investigation using a radiofrequency (RF) driven 300 kV Titan Krios microscope equipped with a cold field emission gun (c-FEG) to generate pulsed electron beams for specimens under cryogenic conditions. We compare radiation damage in three representative samples: paraffin 2D crystals, bacteriorhodopsin (purple membrane) 2D crystals, and plunge-frozen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in vitreous ice, under both pulsed and conventional ( = random) illumination, while keeping all other imaging conditions constant. Radiation damage is quantified by tracking the decay of computed diffraction intensities to determine the critical dose (N). We observe no statistically significant difference in critical dose between pulsed and random illumination across all 3 samples. Our findings provide a critical reference point for future development and evaluation of temporally modulated electron sources in cryo-EM instrumentation.
External linksNat Commun / PubMed:42309992 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.45 - 5.62 Å
Structure data

EMDB-57762: TMV Map using Pulsed Illumination
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 5.62 Å

EMDB-57764: TMV Map using Random (Conventional) Illumination
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.45 Å

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