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TitleNAC promotes co-translational protein folding at the ribosomal tunnel exit.
Journal, issue, pagesMol Cell, Vol. 86, Issue 7, Page 1311-1326.e11, Year 2026
Publish dateApr 2, 2026
AuthorsJaime Santos / Manuel Günnigmann / Radoslaw J Gora / Marija Iljina / Masa Predin / Ilgin Eser Kotan / Pratiman De / Dhawal Choudhary / Juwon Jang / Frank Tippmann / Christopher Hins / Nenad Ban / Sander J Tans / Shu-Ou Shan / Günter Kramer / Bernd Bukau /
PubMed AbstractThe nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) coordinates enzymatic modifications and membrane targeting of nascent chains during translation. While the role of NAC as a dynamic hub for other ...The nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC) coordinates enzymatic modifications and membrane targeting of nascent chains during translation. While the role of NAC as a dynamic hub for other factors is well established, its direct role in co-translational folding is unclear. By proteome-wide profiling of co-translational NAC interactions in human cells, we found that NAC recognizes emerging segments enriched in hydrophobicity and α-helical propensity within folded domains of cytonuclear proteins. Single-molecule and structural analyses reveal that NAC, via its β-barrel domain, dynamically interacts with nascent chains at the ribosomal tunnel exit and is capable of promoting on-pathway folding. Compartment-specific nascent chain interactions of NAC further elucidate its role in targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum and in mitochondrial membrane protein biogenesis. Together, these findings show that human NAC acts as a bona fide co-translational chaperone that directly promotes early protein folding at the ribosomal tunnel exit, expanding its functional repertoire in protein biogenesis.
External linksMol Cell / PubMed:41875886 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.3 - 3.5 Å
Structure data

EMDB-56582: XBP1u-stalled RPL4 RNC in complex with NAC (locally refined on 40S body)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.5 Å

EMDB-56583: XBP1u-stalled RPL4 RNC in complex with NAC (locally refined on 40S head)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.3 Å

Source
  • Homo sapiens (human)

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