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Structure paper

TitleTransport of herbicides by PIN-FORMED auxin transporters.
Journal, issue, pagesbioRxiv, Year 2024
Publish dateAug 31, 2024
AuthorsLukas Schulz / Kien Lam Ung / Sarah Koutnik-Abele / David L Stokes / Bjørn Panyella Pedersen / Ulrich Z Hammes /
PubMed AbstractAuxins are a group of phytohormones that control plant growth and development . Their crucial role in plant physiology has inspired development of potent synthetic auxins that can be used as ...Auxins are a group of phytohormones that control plant growth and development . Their crucial role in plant physiology has inspired development of potent synthetic auxins that can be used as herbicides . Phenoxyacetic acid derivatives are a widely used group of auxin herbicides in agriculture and research. Despite their prevalence, the identity of the transporters required for distribution of these herbicides in plants is both poorly understood and the subject of controversial debate . Here we show that PIN-FORMED auxin transporters transport a range of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides across the membrane and we characterize the molecular determinants of this process using a variety of different substrates as well as protein mutagenesis to control substrate specificity. Finally, we present Cryo-EM structures of PIN8 with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA) bound. These structures represent five key states from the transport cycle, allowing us to describe conformational changes associated with substrate binding and transport across the membrane. Overall, our results reveal that phenoxyacetic acid herbicides use the same export machinery as endogenous auxins and exemplify how transporter binding sites undergo transformations that dictate substrate specificity. These results enable development of novel synthetic auxins and for guiding precision breeding of herbicide resistant crop plants.
External linksbioRxiv / PubMed:39257797 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.31 - 3.54 Å
Structure data

50950

9g0w

EMDB-50950, PDB-9g0w:
auxin transporter PIN8 as asymmetric dimer (inward/outward) with 2,4-D bound in the inward vestibule prebinding state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.54 Å

50951

9g0x

EMDB-50951, PDB-9g0x:
auxin transporter PIN8 as asymmetric dimer (inward/outward) with 4-CPA bound in the inward vestibule prebinding state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.38 Å

50952

9g0z

EMDB-50952, PDB-9g0z:
auxin transporter PIN8 as symmetric dimer (outward/outward) with 4-CPA bound in the outward binding state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.31 Å

50953

9g10

EMDB-50953, PDB-9g10:
auxin transporter PIN8 as asymmetric dimer (outward/inward) with 4-CPA bound in the outward partly released state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.43 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-CFA:
(2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXY)ACETIC ACID

ChemComp-DMS:
DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE / DMSO, precipitant*YM

ChemComp-DLP:
1,2-DILINOLEOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE / phospholipid*YM

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

PDB-1ihp:
STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOMONOESTERASE

Source
  • arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / Auxin transport / AEC family / BART superfamily / TRANSPORT PROTEIN

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