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TitleCovalent inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 NiRAN domain via an active-site cysteine.
Journal, issue, pagesJ Biol Chem, Vol. 301, Issue 4, Page 108378, Year 2025
Publish dateMar 4, 2025
AuthorsGenaro Hernandez / Adam Osinski / Abir Majumdar / Jennifer L Eitson / Monika Antczak / Krzysztof Pawłowski / Hanspeter Niederstrasser / Kelly A Servage / Bruce Posner / John W Schoggins / Joseph M Ready / Vincent S Tagliabracci /
PubMed AbstractThe kinase-like nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain of nsp12 in SARS-CoV-2 catalyzes the formation of the 5' RNA cap structure. This activity is required for viral ...The kinase-like nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain of nsp12 in SARS-CoV-2 catalyzes the formation of the 5' RNA cap structure. This activity is required for viral replication, offering a new target for the development of antivirals. Here, we develop a high-throughput assay to screen for small molecule inhibitors targeting the SARS-CoV-2 NiRAN domain. We identified NiRAN covalent inhibitor 2 (NCI-2), a compound with a reactive chloromethyl group that covalently binds to an active site cysteine (Cys53) in the NiRAN domain, inhibiting its activity. NCI-2 can enter cells, bind to, and inactivate ectopically expressed nsp12. A cryo-EM reconstruction of the SARS-CoV-2 replication-transcription complex bound to NCI-2 offers a detailed structural blueprint for rational drug design. Although NCI-2 showed limited potency against SARS-CoV-2 replication in cells, our work lays the groundwork for developing more potent and selective inhibitors targeting the NiRAN domain. This approach presents a promising therapeutic strategy for effectively combating COVID-19 and potentially mitigating future coronavirus outbreaks.
External linksJ Biol Chem / PubMed:40049411 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.7 Å
Structure data

EMDB-45587, PDB-9cgv:
SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 NiRAN domain bound to a covalent inhibitor SW090466-1
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.7 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ZN:
Unknown entry

PDB-1awq:
CYPA COMPLEXED WITH HAGPIA (PSEUDO-SYMMETRIC MONOMER)

ChemComp-MN:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

Source
  • severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
  • synthetic construct (others)
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN/RNA/INHIBITOR / Complex / Covalent / Inhibitor / SARS-CoV-2 / Polymerase / NiRAN / VIRAL PROTEIN-RNA-INHIBITOR complex

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