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TitleStructure of the trypanosome paraflagellar rod and insights into non-planar motility of eukaryotic cells.
Journal, issue, pagesCell Discov, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Page 51, Year 2021
Publish dateJul 13, 2021
AuthorsJiayan Zhang / Hui Wang / Simon Imhof / Xueting Zhou / Shiqing Liao / Ivo Atanasov / Wong H Hui / Kent L Hill / Z Hong Zhou /
PubMed AbstractEukaryotic flagella (synonymous with cilia) rely on a microtubule-based axoneme, together with accessory filaments to carryout motility and signaling functions. While axoneme structures are well ...Eukaryotic flagella (synonymous with cilia) rely on a microtubule-based axoneme, together with accessory filaments to carryout motility and signaling functions. While axoneme structures are well characterized, 3D ultrastructure of accessory filaments and their axoneme interface are mostly unknown, presenting a critical gap in understanding structural foundations of eukaryotic flagella. In the flagellum of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei), the axoneme is accompanied by a paraflagellar rod (PFR) that supports non-planar motility and signaling necessary for disease transmission and pathogenesis. Here, we employed cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) with sub-tomographic averaging, to obtain structures of the PFR, PFR-axoneme connectors (PACs), and the axonemal central pair complex (CPC). The structures resolve how the 8 nm repeat of the axonemal tubulin dimer interfaces with the 54 nm repeat of the PFR, which consist of proximal, intermediate, and distal zones. In the distal zone, stacked "density scissors" connect with one another to form a "scissors stack network (SSN)" plane oriented 45° to the axoneme axis; and ~370 parallel SSN planes are connected by helix-rich wires into a paracrystalline array with ~90% empty space. Connections from these wires to the intermediate zone, then to overlapping layers of the proximal zone and to the PACs, and ultimately to the CPC, point to a contiguous pathway for signal transmission. Together, our findings provide insights into flagellum-driven, non-planar helical motility of T. brucei and have broad implications ranging from cell motility and tensegrity in biology, to engineering principles in bionics.
External linksCell Discov / PubMed:34257277 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (subtomogram averaging) / EM (tomography)
Resolution20.424 - 28.5 Å
Structure data

EMDB-23619:
Sub-tomographic averaged structure of the paracrystalline PFR distal zone in T. brucei
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 28.5 Å

EMDB-23620:
Sub-tomographic averaged structure of the central pain complex in T. brucei
Method: EM (subtomogram averaging) / Resolution: 28.0 Å

EMDB-23621:
A tomogram of the T. brucei flagellum in its bloodstream form
Method: EM (tomography) / Resolution: 20.424 Å

Source
  • Trypanosoma brucei brucei (eukaryote)

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