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| Title | Translational activity of 80S monosomes varies dramatically across different tissues. |
|---|---|
| Journal, issue, pages | Nucleic Acids Res, Vol. 53, Issue 8, Year 2025 |
| Publish date | Apr 22, 2025 |
 Authors | Albert Blandy / Tayah Hopes / Elton J R Vasconcelos / Amy Turner / Bulat Fatkhullin / Michaela Agapiou / Juan Fontana / Julie L Aspden /  |
| PubMed Abstract | Translational regulation at the stage of initiation can impact the number of ribosomes translating each mRNA molecule. However, the translational activity of single 80S ribosomes (monosomes) on mRNA ...Translational regulation at the stage of initiation can impact the number of ribosomes translating each mRNA molecule. However, the translational activity of single 80S ribosomes (monosomes) on mRNA is less well understood, even though these 80S monosomes represent the dominant ribosomal complexes in vivo. Here, we used cryo-EM to determine the translational activity of 80S monosomes across different tissues in Drosophila melanogaster. We discovered that while head and embryo 80S monosomes are highly translationally active, testis and ovary 80S monosomes are translationally inactive. RNA-Seq analysis of head monosome- and polysome-translated mRNAs, revealed that head 80S monosomes preferentially translate mRNAs with TOP motifs, short 5'-UTRs, short ORFs and are enriched for the presence of uORFs. Overall, these findings highlight that regulation of translation initiation and protein synthesis is mostly performed by monosomes in head and embryo, while polysomes are the main source of protein production in testis and ovary. |
 External links | Nucleic Acids Res / PubMed:40331628 / PubMed Central |
| Methods | EM (single particle) |
| Resolution | 3.0 - 35.67 Å |
| Structure data |  EMDB-50762: Drosophila melanogaster Testis 80S ribosome with IFRD1 (Class 2)  EMDB-50763: Drosophila melanogaster Testis 80S ribosome with IFRD1 (Class 1)  EMDB-50764: Drosophila melanogaster Testis Polysome with P/P and A/A tRNAs (Class 1)  EMDB-50765: Drosophila melanogaster Ovaries 80S ribosome vacant (Class 1)  EMDB-50766: Drosophila melanogaster Ovaries 80S ribosome vacant (Class 2)  EMDB-50767: Drosophila melanogaster Ovaries 80S ribosome vacant (Class 3)  EMDB-50768: Drosophila melanogaster Ovaries 80S ribosome vacant (Class 4)  EMDB-50769: Drosophila melanogaster Embryo 80S ribosome tRNA occupied (Class 1)  EMDB-50770: Drosophila melanogaster Embryo 80S ribosome tRNA occupied (Class 2)  EMDB-50771: Drosophila melanogaster Embryo 80S ribosome vacant (Class 1)  EMDB-50772: Drosophila melanogaster Embryo 80S ribosome with E/E and P/P tRNAs (Class 1)  EMDB-50797: Drosophila melanogaster Embryo Polysome with P/E and A/P tRNAs (Class 1)  EMDB-50798: Drosophila melanogaster Embryo Polysome tRNA occupied (Class 1)  EMDB-50799: Drosophila melanogaster Embryo Polysome with P/P and A/A tRNAs (Class 1)  EMDB-50800: Drosophila melanogaster Embryo Polysome with E/E and P/P tRNAs (Class 1)  EMDB-50821: Drosophila melanogaster Head 80S ribosome with P/P and A/A tRNAs (Class 1)  EMDB-50822: Drosophila melanogaster Head 80S ribosome with P/P and A/A tRNAs (Class 2)  EMDB-50823: Drosophila melanogaster Head 80S ribosome with P/P and A/A tRNAs (Class 3)  EMDB-50824: Drosophila melanogaster Head 80S ribosome with P/E and A/P tRNAs (Class 1)  EMDB-50825: Drosophila melanogaster Head 80S ribosome with P/P tRNA (Class 1)  EMDB-50826: Drosophila melanogaster Head 80S vacant (Class 1)  EMDB-50827: Drosophila melanogaster Head 80S ribosome with P/E, P/P and A/A tRNAs (average)  EMDB-50830: Drosophila melanogaster Head 80S ribosome replicate with P/E and A/P tRNAs (Class 1)  EMDB-50831: Drosophila melanogaster Head 80S ribosome replicate with P/P tRNA (Class 1) |
| Source |
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Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly)