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TitleStructure-function analysis of ceTIR-1/hSARM1 explains the lack of Wallerian axonal degeneration in C. elegans.
Journal, issue, pagesCell Rep, Vol. 42, Issue 9, Page 113026, Year 2023
Publish dateAug 26, 2023
AuthorsTami Khazma / Atira Grossman / Julia Guez-Haddad / Chengye Feng / Hadas Dabas / Radhika Sain / Michal Weitman / Ran Zalk / Michail N Isupov / Marc Hammarlund / Michael Hons / Yarden Opatowsky /
PubMed AbstractWallerian axonal degeneration (WD) does not occur in the nematode C. elegans, in contrast to other model animals. However, WD depends on the NADase activity of SARM1, a protein that is also expressed ...Wallerian axonal degeneration (WD) does not occur in the nematode C. elegans, in contrast to other model animals. However, WD depends on the NADase activity of SARM1, a protein that is also expressed in C. elegans (ceSARM/ceTIR-1). We hypothesized that differences in SARM between species might exist and account for the divergence in WD. We first show that expression of the human (h)SARM1, but not ceTIR-1, in C. elegans neurons is sufficient to confer axon degeneration after nerve injury. Next, we determined the cryoelectron microscopy structure of ceTIR-1 and found that, unlike hSARM1, which exists as an auto-inhibited ring octamer, ceTIR-1 forms a readily active 9-mer. Enzymatically, the NADase activity of ceTIR-1 is substantially weaker (10-fold higher Km) than that of hSARM1, and even when fully active, it falls short of consuming all cellular NAD. Our experiments provide insight into the molecular mechanisms and evolution of SARM orthologs and WD across species.
External linksCell Rep / PubMed:37635352 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution2.68 - 3.82 Å
Structure data

17369

8p2l

EMDB-17369, PDB-8p2l:
A CHIMERA construct containing human SARM1 ARM and SAM domains and C. elegans TIR domain.
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 2.68 Å

17370

8p2m

EMDB-17370, PDB-8p2m:
C. elegans TIR-1 protein.
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.82 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-NAD:
NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE / NAD*YM

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • caenorhabditis elegans (invertebrata)
KeywordsHYDROLASE / SARM1; TIR-1; C. elegans; neurodegeneration; cryo-EM; structural biology; NAD+ metabolism; axon Wallerian degeneration

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