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TitleStructural basis of sex pheromone detection in aphids.
Journal, issue, pagesCell Res, Vol. 36, Issue 8, Page 582-594, Year 2026
Publish dateJun 22, 2026
AuthorsZhi Dong / Yidong Wang / Ying Tian / Zeyuan Guan / Minghui Bai / Bo Zhang / Zhongqiang Jia / Jinan Wu / Song Cao / Zhou Gong / Xincheng Zhao / Weihua Ma / Bing Wang / Guirong Wang / Ping Yin /
PubMed AbstractSex pheromones play a central role in regulating animal behavior and reproduction. In insects, these signals are perceived through specialized odorant receptors (ORs) that mediate species-specific ...Sex pheromones play a central role in regulating animal behavior and reproduction. In insects, these signals are perceived through specialized odorant receptors (ORs) that mediate species-specific communication and safeguard genetic integrity. However, the structural basis of sex pheromone detection remains largely unresolved. Here, we identified two ORs in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, along with the conserved OR co-receptor (Orco), which together mediate recognition of the pheromone components nepetalactone and nepetalactol. Functional assays demonstrated that ApOR21-Orco and ApOR22-Orco specifically respond to nepetalactol and nepetalactone, respectively. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we resolved the structure of the ApOR22-Orco complex in three states - unbound closed, nepetalactone-bound closed, and nepetalactone-bound open - revealing a heterotetrameric ion channel formed by one ApOR22 and three ApOrco subunits. Ligand binding to ApOR22 triggers conformational rearrangements that induce asymmetric pore dilation, thereby enabling ion conduction. Together, these results provide a mechanistic framework for understanding sex pheromone perception in insects and establish a structural foundation for the rational development of environmentally sustainable pest-control strategies.
External linksCell Res / PubMed:42332065 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.1 Å
Structure data

66140

9wpe

EMDB-66140, PDB-9wpe:
Cryo-EM structure of the insect sex pheromone receptor ApisOR22-Orco heterocomplex bound with nepetalactone in the closed state.
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.1 Å

Chemicals

PDB-1ex6:
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF UNLIGANDED FORM OF GUANYLATE KINASE FROM YEAST

ChemComp-PC1:
1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE / phospholipid*YM

Source
  • acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid)
KeywordsMEMBRANE PROTEIN / pheromone receptor / Apo

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