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TitleProtein Engineering-Enabled Cryo-EM Investigation of Small GTPases.
Journal, issue, pagesJ Mol Biol, Vol. 438, Issue 17, Page 169860, Year 2026
Publish dateSep 1, 2026
AuthorsZhengshan Hu / Unnatiben Rajeshbhai Patel / Eliezra Glasser / Akiko Koide / Shohei Koide /
PubMed AbstractSmall GTPases play important roles in cellular signaling. Due to their small sizes (∼21 kDa), structural studies of small GTPases have been predominantly performed using x-ray crystallography in ...Small GTPases play important roles in cellular signaling. Due to their small sizes (∼21 kDa), structural studies of small GTPases have been predominantly performed using x-ray crystallography in which crystal lattice contacts made it challenging to define unperturbed conformations of the key switch regions. Here, we developed a protein-engineering strategy that enables cryo-EM analysis of small soluble proteins and applied to RAS. We fused the C-terminal α5 helix of the RAS globular domain to a small protein BRIL by forming a continuous helix, which leaves most RAS surfaces exposed to the solvent and unperturbed, followed by the complex formation with an anti-BRIL Fab. This engineered complex with an increased molecular weight, termed "RAS-lollipop", enabled single-particle cryo-EM of RAS. Using this approach, we determined the cryo-EM structure of NRAS, whose structural studies using crystallography have been the least successful among the RAS isoforms. We revealed the conformations of the switch region and α 5 helix that differ from those observed in published crystal structures, and also defined the binding site of an NRAS-specific monobody. We uncovered an unexpected surfactant-like property of this monobody, which reduces orientation biases of particles on cryo-EM grids. Together, this work establishes a platform for visualizing small GTPases and potentially other small proteins with minimal perturbation of their surfaces.
External linksJ Mol Biol / PubMed:42134495
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.28 Å
Structure data

74594

9zr7

EMDB-74594, PDB-9zr7:
Cryo-EM structure of NRAS(Q61K)-BRIL fusion in complex with Fab(BAG2) and Monobody(Mb24)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.28 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-GDP:
GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / GDP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
KeywordsONCOPROTEIN/Immune System / NRAS / BRIL-fusion / ONCOPROTEIN / ONCOPROTEIN-Immune System complex

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