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TitleMechanism of co-transcriptional cap snatching by influenza polymerase.
Journal, issue, pagesNature, Year 2026
Publish dateMar 4, 2026
AuthorsAlexander Helmut Rotsch / Delong Li / Maud Dupont / Tim Krischuns / Ute Neef / Christiane Oberthür / Alice Stelfox / Maria Lukarska / Isaac Fianu / Michael Lidschreiber / Nadia Naffakh / Christian Dienemann / Stephen Cusack / Patrick Cramer /
PubMed AbstractInfluenza virus mRNAs are stable and competent for nuclear export and translation because they receive a 5' cap(1) structure in a process called cap snatching. During cap snatching, the viral RNA- ...Influenza virus mRNAs are stable and competent for nuclear export and translation because they receive a 5' cap(1) structure in a process called cap snatching. During cap snatching, the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (FluPol) binds to host RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and the emerging transcript. The FluPol endonuclease then cleaves a capped RNA fragment that subsequently acts as a primer for the transcription of viral genes. Here we present the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of FluPol bound to a transcribing Pol II in complex with the elongation factor DSIF in the pre-cleavage state. The structure shows that FluPol directly interacts with both Pol II and DSIF, positioning the FluPol endonuclease domain near the RNA exit channel of Pol II. These interactions are important for the endonuclease activity of FluPol and FluPol activity in cells. A second structure, trapped after cap snatching, shows that the cleaved capped RNA rearranges within FluPol, directing the capped RNA 3' end toward the FluPol polymerase active site for viral transcription initiation. Together, our results provide the molecular mechanisms of co-transcriptional cap snatching by FluPol.
External linksNature / PubMed:41781612
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.1 - 3.3 Å
Structure data

50892

9fyx

EMDB-50892, PDB-9fyx:
Influenza A/H7N9 polymerase pre-cleavage cap-snatching complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.3 Å

50927

9g0a

EMDB-50927, PDB-9g0a:
Influenza A/H7N9 polymerase post-cleavage cap-snatching complex
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.1 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ZN:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-G1G:
7-METHYL-GUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE-5'-(2'-O-METHYL)-GUANOSINE

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

ChemComp-PO4:
PHOSPHATE ION

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • influenza b virus
  • influenza a virus (a/zhejiang/dtid-zju01/2013(h7n9))
  • synthetic construct (others)
  • sus scrofa domesticus (domestic pig)
KeywordsVIRUS / Influenza virus / influenza A / cap-snatching / transcription

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