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TitleLineage-specific amino acids define functional attributes of the protomer-protomer interfaces for the Rad51 and Dmc1 recombinases.
Journal, issue, pagesJ Biol Chem, Vol. 302, Issue 1, Page 111019, Year 2026
Publish dateDec 8, 2025
AuthorsMike Petassi / Yeonoh Shin / Aidan M Jessop / Katherine Morse / Stefan Y Kim / Sahiti Kuppa / Razvan Matei / Vivek B Raina / Eric C Greene /
PubMed AbstractMost eukaryotes possess two Rad51/RecA family DNA recombinases that are thought to have arisen from an ancient gene duplication event: Rad51, which is expressed in both mitosis and meiosis; and Dmc1, ...Most eukaryotes possess two Rad51/RecA family DNA recombinases that are thought to have arisen from an ancient gene duplication event: Rad51, which is expressed in both mitosis and meiosis; and Dmc1, which is only expressed in meiosis. To explore the evolutionary relationship between these recombinases, here, we present high-resolution cryo-EM structures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51 filaments and S. cerevisiae Dmc1 filaments bound to ssDNA, which reveal a pair of stacked interfacial aromatic amino acid residues that are nearly universally conserved in Rad51 but are absent from Dmc1. We use a combination of bioinformatics, genetic analysis of natural sequence variation, and deep mutational analysis to probe the functionally tolerated sequence space for these stacked aromatic residues. Our findings demonstrate that the functional landscape of the interfacial aromatic residues within the Rad51 filament is highly constrained. In contrast, the amino acids at the equivalent positions within the Dmc1 filament exhibit a broad functional landscape. This work helps highlight the distinct evolutionary trajectories of these two eukaryotic recombinases, which may have contributed to their functional and mechanistic divergence.
External linksJ Biol Chem / PubMed:41371341 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (helical sym.)
Resolution2.9 - 3.06 Å
Structure data

46550

9d46

EMDB-46550, PDB-9d46:
The cryo-EM structure of the yeast RAD51 filament bound to ssDNA in the presence of ATP
Method: EM (helical sym.) / Resolution: 3.06 Å

46565

9d4n

EMDB-46565, PDB-9d4n:
The cryo-EM structure of the yeast Dmc1 filament bound to ssDNA in the presence of ATP
Method: EM (helical sym.) / Resolution: 2.9 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ATP:
ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / ATP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-MG:
Unknown entry

Source
  • saccharomyces cerevisiae (brewer's yeast)
KeywordsDNA BINDING PROTEIN/DNA / DNA repair / Rad51 / homologous recombination / recombinase / DNA BINDING PROTEIN-DNA complex / DNA BINDING PROTEIN

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