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TitleStructural basis of human CHD1 nucleosome recruitment and pausing.
Journal, issue, pagesMol Cell, Vol. 85, Issue 10, Page 1938-11951.e6, Year 2025
Publish dateMay 15, 2025
AuthorsAllison M James / Lucas Farnung /
PubMed AbstractChromatin remodelers regulate gene expression and genome maintenance by controlling nucleosome positioning, but the structural basis for their regulated and directional activity remains poorly ...Chromatin remodelers regulate gene expression and genome maintenance by controlling nucleosome positioning, but the structural basis for their regulated and directional activity remains poorly understood. Here, we present three cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) bound to nucleosomes that reveal previously unobserved recruitment and regulatory states. We identify a structural element, termed the "anchor element," that connects the CHD1 ATPase motor to the nucleosome entry-side acidic patch. The anchor element coordinates with other regulatory modules, including the gating element, which undergoes a conformational switch critical for remodeling. Our structures demonstrate how the DNA-binding region of CHD1 binds entry- and exit-side DNA during remodeling to achieve directional sliding. The observed structural elements are conserved across chromatin remodelers, suggesting a unified mechanism for nucleosome recognition and remodeling. Our findings show how chromatin remodelers couple nucleosome recruitment to regulated DNA translocation, providing a framework for understanding chromatin remodeler mechanisms beyond DNA translocation.
External linksMol Cell / PubMed:40334658 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.1 - 3.9 Å
Structure data

EMDB-47841, PDB-9ear:
CHD1-nucleosome complex (closed state)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.1 Å

EMDB-47845: CHD1-nucleosome complex (docked state)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.8 Å

EMDB-47852: CHD1-nucleosome complex (anchored state with entry side DBR)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.5 Å

EMDB-47856: CHD1-nucleosome complex (docked state with entry side DBR)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.9 Å

EMDB-47857: CHD1-nucleosome complex (closed state with exit side DBR)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.3 Å

EMDB-49406, PDB-9nh8:
CHD1-nucleosome complex (anchored state)
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-ADP:
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM

ChemComp-BEF:
BERYLLIUM TRIFLUORIDE ION

ChemComp-ARG:
ARGININE

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
  • synthetic construct (others)
KeywordsTRANSLOCASE / chromatin / remodeler / genome organization / nuclear protein / nuclear protein/DNA / nuclear protein-DNA complex

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