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TitleBiosynthesis of t-Butyl in Apratoxin A: Functional Analysis and Architecture of a PKS Loading Module.
Journal, issue, pagesACS Chem Biol, Vol. 13, Issue 6, Page 1640-1650, Year 2018
Publish dateJun 15, 2018
AuthorsMeredith A Skiba / Andrew P Sikkema / Nathan A Moss / Andrew N Lowell / Min Su / Rebecca M Sturgis / Lena Gerwick / William H Gerwick / David H Sherman / Janet L Smith /
PubMed AbstractThe unusual feature of a t-butyl group is found in several marine-derived natural products including apratoxin A, a Sec61 inhibitor produced by the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii PNG 5-198. Here, ...The unusual feature of a t-butyl group is found in several marine-derived natural products including apratoxin A, a Sec61 inhibitor produced by the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii PNG 5-198. Here, we determine that the apratoxin A t-butyl group is formed as a pivaloyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) by AprA, the polyketide synthase (PKS) loading module of the apratoxin A biosynthetic pathway. AprA contains an inactive "pseudo" GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase domain (ΨGNAT) flanked by two methyltransferase domains (MT1 and MT2) that differ distinctly in sequence. Structural, biochemical, and precursor incorporation studies reveal that MT2 catalyzes unusually coupled decarboxylation and methylation reactions to transform dimethylmalonyl-ACP, the product of MT1, to pivaloyl-ACP. Further, pivaloyl-ACP synthesis is primed by the fatty acid synthase malonyl acyltransferase (FabD), which compensates for the ΨGNAT and provides the initial acyl-transfer step to form AprA malonyl-ACP. Additionally, images of AprA from negative stain electron microscopy reveal multiple conformations that may facilitate the individual catalytic steps of the multienzyme module.
External linksACS Chem Biol / PubMed:29701944 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle) / X-ray diffraction
Resolution2.246 - 26.0 Å
Structure data

EMDB-7827:
AprA Methyltransferase 1 - GNAT - Methyltransferase 2 tridomain
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 26.0 Å

PDB-6d6y:
AprA Methyltransferase 2 - GNAT didomain in complex with SAH
Method: X-RAY DIFFRACTION / Resolution: 2.246 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-TMO:
trimethylamine oxide

ChemComp-SAH:
S-ADENOSYL-L-HOMOCYSTEINE

ChemComp-HOH:
WATER

Source
  • Moorea bouillonii PNG5-198 (bacteria)
  • moorea bouillonii (bacteria)
KeywordsTRANSFERASE / methyltransferase / decarboxylase / apratoxin / GCN5 related N-acetyltransferase

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