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Open data
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Basic information
| Entry | Database: PDB / ID: 9t5h | |||||||||||||||
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| Title | RNA polymerase II bound to Gdown1 and RPAP2 | |||||||||||||||
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Keywords | TRANSCRIPTION / cytoplasm / polymerase / biogenesis | |||||||||||||||
| Function / homology | Function and homology informationmaintenance of ER location / RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity / snRNA transcription / RNA polymerase core enzyme binding / microfibril binding / PERK-mediated unfolded protein response / RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination / regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I / RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex ...maintenance of ER location / RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeat phosphatase activity / snRNA transcription / RNA polymerase core enzyme binding / microfibril binding / PERK-mediated unfolded protein response / RNA Polymerase III Chain Elongation / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Termination / regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase I / RPAP3/R2TP/prefoldin-like complex / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 1 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 2 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Transcription Initiation From Type 3 Promoter / RNA Polymerase III Abortive And Retractive Initiation / Cytosolic sensors of pathogen-associated DNA / transcription elongation factor activity / Abortive elongation of HIV-1 transcript in the absence of Tat / FGFR2 alternative splicing / transcription preinitiation complex / RNA Polymerase I Transcription Termination / Viral Messenger RNA Synthesis / I band / Signaling by FGFR2 IIIa TM / MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis / protein-serine/threonine phosphatase / LRR domain binding / DNA-templated transcription elongation / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE during HIV infection / RNA Pol II CTD phosphorylation and interaction with CE / Formation of the Early Elongation Complex / Formation of the HIV-1 Early Elongation Complex / mRNA Capping / HIV Transcription Initiation / RNA Polymerase II HIV Promoter Escape / Transcription of the HIV genome / RNA Polymerase II Promoter Escape / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Pre-Initiation And Promoter Opening / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Initiation And Promoter Clearance / PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis / mRNA Splicing - Minor Pathway / Processing of Capped Intron-Containing Pre-mRNA / positive regulation of nuclear-transcribed mRNA poly(A) tail shortening / protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity / termination of RNA polymerase II transcription / RNA polymerase II complex binding / RNA Polymerase I Transcription Initiation / RNA polymerase II transcribes snRNA genes / Pausing and recovery of Tat-mediated HIV elongation / Tat-mediated HIV elongation arrest and recovery / HIV elongation arrest and recovery / Pausing and recovery of HIV elongation / transcription by RNA polymerase III / maintenance of transcriptional fidelity during transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / positive regulation of translational initiation / nuclear-transcribed mRNA catabolic process / Tat-mediated elongation of the HIV-1 transcript / Formation of HIV-1 elongation complex containing HIV-1 Tat / mRNA Polyadenylation / Formation of HIV elongation complex in the absence of HIV Tat / RNA polymerase I complex / RNA polymerase III complex / RNA Polymerase II Transcription Elongation / Formation of RNA Pol II elongation complex / RNA polymerase II, core complex / tRNA transcription by RNA polymerase III / transcription elongation by RNA polymerase I / transcription by RNA polymerase I / RNA Polymerase II Pre-transcription Events / mRNA Splicing - Major Pathway / transcription-coupled nucleotide-excision repair / translation initiation factor binding / Inhibition of DNA recombination at telomere / positive regulation of RNA splicing / Dengue Virus-Host Interactions / TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes / RNA Polymerase I Promoter Escape / Transcriptional regulation by small RNAs / transcription initiation at RNA polymerase II promoter / promoter-specific chromatin binding / P-body / transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II / DNA-templated transcription termination / protein-DNA complex / NoRC negatively regulates rRNA expression / B-WICH complex positively regulates rRNA expression / mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II / fibrillar center / Activation of anterior HOX genes in hindbrain development during early embryogenesis / ribonucleoside binding / kinase binding / Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair (TC-NER) / Formation of TC-NER Pre-Incision Complex / DNA-directed RNA polymerase / Dual incision in TC-NER / Gap-filling DNA repair synthesis and ligation in TC-NER / DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / nuclear envelope / transcription by RNA polymerase II / chromosome Similarity search - Function | |||||||||||||||
| Biological species | Homo sapiens (human) | |||||||||||||||
| Method | ELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.7 Å | |||||||||||||||
Authors | Hlavata, A. / Bernecky, C. | |||||||||||||||
| Funding support | 1items
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Citation | Journal: Nat Commun / Year: 2026Title: Structure of cytoplasmic RNA polymerase II. Authors: Annamaria Hlavata / Benjamin Neuditschko / Ulla Schellhaas / Clemens Plaschka / Franz Herzog / Carrie Bernecky / ![]() Abstract: RNA polymerase II (Pol II) must be assembled in the cytoplasm before it enters the nucleus, where it transcribes protein-coding genes. Although transcription by Pol II is intensively studied, how ...RNA polymerase II (Pol II) must be assembled in the cytoplasm before it enters the nucleus, where it transcribes protein-coding genes. Although transcription by Pol II is intensively studied, how this central multi-subunit enzyme is made and the role of dedicated assembly factors remains unclear. Here, we report the integrative structural analysis of a native human Pol II from the cytoplasm captured near the end of biogenesis. The complex contains Gdown1 and three biogenesis factors - RPAP2 and the critical small GTPases GPN1 and GPN3. Cryo-EM analysis of the complex reveals how Gdown1 and RPAP2 associate with Pol II and prevent the premature association of transcription factors. Further biochemical and cryo-EM analysis reveals how RPAP2 tethers GPN1-GPN3 to the complex and how the assembly of the RPAP2-GPN1-GPN3 complex is controlled by GTP hydrolysis. The combined results uncover a network of interactions that chaperone cytoplasmic Pol II to prevent aberrant interactions, reveal a molecular switch regulating biogenesis factor association, and suggest a general mechanism for the action of GPN-loop GTPase family of enzymes. | |||||||||||||||
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Structure visualization
| Structure viewer | Molecule: Molmil Jmol/JSmol |
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Downloads & links
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Download
| PDBx/mmCIF format | 9t5h.cif.gz | 770.7 KB | Display | PDBx/mmCIF format |
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| PDB format | pdb9t5h.ent.gz | 594.8 KB | Display | PDB format |
| PDBx/mmJSON format | 9t5h.json.gz | Tree view | PDBx/mmJSON format | |
| Others | Other downloads |
-Validation report
| Arichive directory | https://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/t5/9t5h ftp://data.pdbj.org/pub/pdb/validation_reports/t5/9t5h | HTTPS FTP |
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-Related structure data
| Related structure data | ![]() 55583MC ![]() 9t5jC M: map data used to model this data C: citing same article ( |
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| Similar structure data | Similarity search - Function & homology F&H Search |
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Links
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Assembly
| Deposited unit | ![]()
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Components
-Protein , 2 types, 2 molecules AN
| #1: Protein | Mass: 217450.078 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562References: UniProt: A0AAG2TJB2, DNA-directed RNA polymerase |
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| #14: Protein | Mass: 69614.773 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562References: UniProt: Q8IXW5, protein-serine/threonine phosphatase |
-DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit ... , 7 types, 7 molecules BCDGIKM
| #2: Protein | Mass: 134071.453 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562References: UniProt: P30876, DNA-directed RNA polymerase, Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters, RNA-directed RNA polymerase |
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| #3: Protein | Mass: 31478.148 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P19387 |
| #4: Protein | Mass: 16331.255 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: O15514 |
| #7: Protein | Mass: 19314.283 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P62487 |
| #9: Protein | Mass: 14541.221 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P36954 |
| #11: Protein | Mass: 13310.284 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P52435 |
| #13: Protein | Mass: 41803.609 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P0CAP2 |
-DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit ... , 5 types, 5 molecules EFHJL
| #5: Protein | Mass: 24644.318 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P19388 |
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| #6: Protein | Mass: 14491.026 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P61218 |
| #8: Protein | Mass: 17162.273 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P52434 |
| #10: Protein | Mass: 7655.123 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P62875 |
| #12: Protein | Mass: 7018.244 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Source: (natural) Homo sapiens (human) / Cell line: K562 / References: UniProt: P53803 |
-Non-polymers , 1 types, 6 molecules 
| #15: Chemical | ChemComp-ZN / |
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-Details
| Has ligand of interest | N |
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| Has protein modification | N |
-Experimental details
-Experiment
| Experiment | Method: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY |
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| EM experiment | Aggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction |
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Sample preparation
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| Buffer solution | pH: 8.2 / Details: pH at 4 degrees Celsius | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Specimen | Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specimen support | Grid material: COPPER / Grid mesh size: 300 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Vitrification | Instrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K |
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Electron microscopy imaging
| Experimental equipment | ![]() Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company |
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| Microscopy | Model: TFS KRIOS |
| Electron gun | Electron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM |
| Electron lens | Mode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 130000 X / Nominal defocus max: 3500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 300 nm / C2 aperture diameter: 50 µm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE |
| Specimen holder | Cryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER |
| Image recording | Electron dose: 75 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) |
| EM imaging optics | Energyfilter name: GIF Bioquantum / Energyfilter slit width: 10 eV |
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| CTF correction | Type: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3D reconstruction | Resolution: 2.7 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 886711 / Symmetry type: POINT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Refinement | Cross valid method: NONE |
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FIELD EMISSION GUN