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- PDB-9qun: apPol-nucleotide complex -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9qun
TitleapPol-nucleotide complex
ComponentsPlastid replication-repair enzyme
KeywordsREPLICATION / DNA polymerase
Function / homology
Function and homology information


3'-5' exonuclease activity / DNA-templated DNA replication / single-stranded DNA binding / 5'-3' DNA helicase activity / DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity / ATP binding
Similarity search - Function
AAA domain / Twinkle-like protein / Archaeal primase DnaG/twinkle-like, TOPRIM domain / DNA helicase, DnaB-like, C-terminal / Superfamily 4 helicase domain profile. / 3'-5' exonuclease / 3'-5' exonuclease / 3'-5' exonuclease domain / DNA polymerase A / DNA polymerase family A ...AAA domain / Twinkle-like protein / Archaeal primase DnaG/twinkle-like, TOPRIM domain / DNA helicase, DnaB-like, C-terminal / Superfamily 4 helicase domain profile. / 3'-5' exonuclease / 3'-5' exonuclease / 3'-5' exonuclease domain / DNA polymerase A / DNA polymerase family A / DNA-directed DNA polymerase, family A, palm domain / DNA polymerase A domain / Toprim domain profile. / TOPRIM domain / Ribonuclease H superfamily / Ribonuclease H-like superfamily / DNA/RNA polymerase superfamily / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / Plastid replication-repair enzyme
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesPlasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.9 Å
AuthorsLahiri, I. / Kumari, A.
Funding support India, United Kingdom, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Other governmentIA/I/20/1/504905 India
Royal SocietyR179278 United Kingdom
CitationJournal: Nucleic Acids Res / Year: 2025
Title: Structural basis of multitasking by the apicoplast DNA polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
Authors: Anamika Kumari / Theodora Enache / Timothy D Craggs / Janice D Pata / Indrajit Lahiri /
Abstract: Plasmodium falciparum is a eukaryotic pathogen responsible for the majority of malaria-related fatalities. Plasmodium belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa and, like most members of this phylum, contains ...Plasmodium falciparum is a eukaryotic pathogen responsible for the majority of malaria-related fatalities. Plasmodium belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa and, like most members of this phylum, contains a non-photosynthetic plastid called the apicoplast. The apicoplast has its own genome, replicated by a dedicated replisome. Unlike other cellular replisomes, the apicoplast replisome uses a single DNA polymerase (apPol). This suggests that apPol can multitask and catalyse both replicative and lesion bypass synthesis. Replicative synthesis relies on a restrictive active site for high accuracy while lesion bypass typically requires an open active site. This raises the question: how does apPol combine the structural features of multiple DNA polymerases in a single protein? Using single-particle electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM), we have solved the structures of apPol bound to its undamaged DNA and nucleotide substrates in five pre-chemistry conformational states. We found that apPol can accommodate a nascent base pair with the fingers in an open configuration, which might facilitate the lesion bypass activity. In the fingers-open state, we identified a nascent base pair checkpoint that preferentially selects Watson-Crick base pairs, an essential requirement for replicative synthesis. Taken together, these structural features might explain how apPol balances replicative and lesion bypass synthesis.
History
DepositionApr 10, 2025Deposition site: PDBE / Processing site: PDBE
Revision 1.0Oct 29, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Plastid replication-repair enzyme
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)76,9812
Polymers76,4731
Non-polymers5071
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

#1: Protein Plastid replication-repair enzyme


Mass: 76473.484 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)
Gene: PFMALIP_04965 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: A0A024WKD7
#2: Chemical ChemComp-DGT / 2'-DEOXYGUANOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 507.181 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H16N5O13P3 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: Binary complex of apicoplast DNA polymerase with dGTP / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.076 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Plasmodium falciparum (malaria parasite P. falciparum)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal magnification: 81000 X / Calibrated magnification: 81000 X / Nominal defocus max: 3800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm / Calibrated defocus min: 800 nm / Calibrated defocus max: 3800 nm / Cs: 2.7 mm / C2 aperture diameter: 50 µm / Alignment procedure: COMA FREE
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN / Specimen holder model: FEI TITAN KRIOS AUTOGRID HOLDER / Temperature (max): 77 K / Temperature (min): 77 K
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 1 sec. / Electron dose: 70 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOCONTINUUM (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 16189
EM imaging opticsEnergyfilter slit width: 20 eV

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Processing

EM software
IDNameVersionCategory
1Topazparticle selection
2EPU3.9.1image acquisition
4cryoSPARCCTF correction
7UCSF ChimeraXmodel fitting
8Cootmodel fitting
10PHENIX1.20.1_4487model refinement
11cryoSPARC4.5.1initial Euler assignment
12cryoSPARC4.5.1final Euler assignment
14cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
Particle selectionNum. of particles selected: 1922870
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.9 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 20205 / Symmetry type: POINT
Atomic model buildingProtocol: RIGID BODY FIT
Atomic model buildingPDB-ID: 5DKT

5dkt


Accession code: 5DKT / Source name: PDB / Type: experimental model
RefinementHighest resolution: 3.9 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.0045331
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.5857185
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d17.0272040
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.043802
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.003914

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