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- PDB-9oyi: Structure of the E. coli clamp loader DnaX-complex loading beta-c... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9oyi
TitleStructure of the E. coli clamp loader DnaX-complex loading beta-clamp onto 10-nt gapped DNA in state 2 conformer 1 with fully open clamp and unsettled DNA
Components
  • (10-nt gapped DNA ...) x 2
  • (DNA polymerase III subunit ...) x 4
  • Beta sliding clamp
KeywordsREPLICATION/DNA / DNA replication / DNA damage repair / clamp loading complex / clamp beta / clamp loader DnaX-complex / REPLICATION / REPLICATION-DNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex / DNA clamp loader activity / DNA polymerase III complex / replisome / DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication / DNA polymerase processivity factor activity / 3'-5' exonuclease activity / response to radiation / DNA-templated DNA replication / ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity ...DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex / DNA clamp loader activity / DNA polymerase III complex / replisome / DNA strand elongation involved in DNA replication / DNA polymerase processivity factor activity / 3'-5' exonuclease activity / response to radiation / DNA-templated DNA replication / ribonucleoside triphosphate phosphatase activity / DNA-directed DNA polymerase / DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity / DNA replication / viral translational frameshifting / ATP hydrolysis activity / DNA binding / ATP binding / metal ion binding / identical protein binding / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
DNA polymerase III, psi subunit / DNA polymerase III, psi subunit, subgroup / DNA polymerase III, psi subunit superfamily / DNA polymerase III psi subunit / DNA polymerase III, delta prime subunit / DNA polymerase III, delta subunit, C-terminal / : / DNA polymerase III, delta subunit, C terminal / DNA polymerase III subunit delta', AAA+ ATPase lid domain / DNA polymerase III subunit delta, C-terminal ...DNA polymerase III, psi subunit / DNA polymerase III, psi subunit, subgroup / DNA polymerase III, psi subunit superfamily / DNA polymerase III psi subunit / DNA polymerase III, delta prime subunit / DNA polymerase III, delta subunit, C-terminal / : / DNA polymerase III, delta subunit, C terminal / DNA polymerase III subunit delta', AAA+ ATPase lid domain / DNA polymerase III subunit delta, C-terminal / Processivity clamp loader gamma complex DNA pol III C-term / DNA polymerase III, delta subunit / DNA polymerase III delta, N-terminal / DNA polymerase III, delta subunit / DNA polymerase III, tau subunit, domain V / DNA polymerase III subunit tau, DnaB-binding domain IV / DNA polymerase III, tau subunit, domain V superfamily / DNA polymerase III subunits tau domain IV DnaB-binding / DNA polymerase III tau subunit V interacting with alpha / DNA polymerase III, subunit gamma/tau, helical lid domain / DNA polymerase III clamp loader subunit, ATPase lid domain / DNA polymerase III, subunit gamma/ tau, N-terminal / DNA polymerase III, gamma subunit, domain III / DNA polymerase III subunits gamma and tau domain III / DNA polymerase III, beta sliding clamp / DNA polymerase III, beta sliding clamp, N-terminal / DNA polymerase III, beta sliding clamp, C-terminal / DNA polymerase III, beta sliding clamp, central / DNA polymerase III beta subunit, N-terminal domain / DNA polymerase III beta subunit, central domain / DNA polymerase III beta subunit, C-terminal domain / DNA polymerase III beta subunit / DNA polymerase III, delta subunit / : / DNA polymerase III, clamp loader complex, gamma/delta/delta subunit, C-terminal / ClpA/B family / : / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
PHOSPHOTHIOPHOSPHORIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA/RNA hybrid / DNA/RNA hybrid (> 10) / DNA polymerase III subunit tau / Beta sliding clamp / DNA polymerase III subunit delta / DNA polymerase III subunit delta' / DNA polymerase III subunit psi
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesEscherichia coli (E. coli)
DNA molecule (others)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.54 Å
AuthorsZheng, F. / Yao, Y.N. / Georgescu, R. / Lyu, M. / O'Donnell, M.E. / Li, H.
Funding support United States, 3items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)GM131754 United States
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)GM115809 United States
Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) United States
CitationJournal: bioRxiv / Year: 2026
Title: The DnaX clamp loader sharply bends DNA to load β-clamp at nicks and small gaps.
Authors: Fengwei Zheng / Nina Y Yao / Roxana E Georgescu / Meinan Lyu / Michael E O'Donnell / Huilin Li /
Abstract: DNA sliding clamps are essential for processive DNA synthesis in all domains of life and are loaded by ATP-dependent clamp loaders that recognize recessed 3' ends. How clamp loaders function at nicks ...DNA sliding clamps are essential for processive DNA synthesis in all domains of life and are loaded by ATP-dependent clamp loaders that recognize recessed 3' ends. How clamp loaders function at nicks and small ssDNA gaps-common intermediates during DNA repair-remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that the bacterial DnaX clamp loader employs a fundamentally different mechanism from its eukaryotic counterpart. Whereas eukaryotic RFC unwinds DNA at the recessed 3' end and stabilizes the 5'-dsDNA at a dedicated shoulder site, the bacterial DnaX-complex neither unwinds DNA nor stably binds the 5'-dsDNA in vitro. Instead, cryo-EM structures reveal that the β-clamp itself contains a conserved external DNA-binding site that enables sharp bending of gapped DNA by ~150°, promoting insertion of the 3'-dsDNA into the clamp. This DNA-bending mechanism allows efficient β-clamp loading at nicks and small gaps and reveals a distinct bacterial strategy for clamp loading. Because small DNA gaps are frequently associated with DNA damage, clamps loaded at these sites are likely important for DNA repair.
History
DepositionJun 4, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Apr 29, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 29, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 29, 2026Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 29, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 29, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 29, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 29, 2026Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: DNA polymerase III subunit delta
B: DNA polymerase III subunit tau
C: DNA polymerase III subunit tau
D: DNA polymerase III subunit tau
E: DNA polymerase III subunit delta'
F: Beta sliding clamp
G: Beta sliding clamp
J: DNA polymerase III subunit psi
H: 10-nt gapped DNA template strand
I: 10-nt gapped DNA primer strand 1
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)409,33820
Polymers407,43410
Non-polymers1,90410
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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DNA polymerase III subunit ... , 4 types, 6 molecules ABCDEJ

#1: Protein DNA polymerase III subunit delta


Mass: 38745.574 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: holA / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P28630
#2: Protein DNA polymerase III subunit tau / DNA polymerase III subunit gamma


Mass: 71228.648 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: dnaX, dnaZ, dnaZX, b0470, JW0459 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P06710, DNA-directed DNA polymerase
#3: Protein DNA polymerase III subunit delta'


Mass: 36980.484 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: holB, b1099, JW1085 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P28631, DNA-directed DNA polymerase
#5: Protein DNA polymerase III subunit psi / Accessory clamp loader complex subunit psi / Replication clamp loader subunit HolD


Mass: 15188.276 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: holD, b4372, JW4334 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P28632, DNA-directed DNA polymerase

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Protein , 1 types, 2 molecules FG

#4: Protein Beta sliding clamp / Beta clamp / Sliding clamp / Beta-clamp processivity factor / DNA polymerase III beta sliding clamp ...Beta clamp / Sliding clamp / Beta-clamp processivity factor / DNA polymerase III beta sliding clamp subunit / DNA polymerase III subunit beta


Mass: 40630.508 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: dnaN, Z5192, ECs4636 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P0A990

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10-nt gapped DNA ... , 2 types, 2 molecules HI

#6: DNA chain 10-nt gapped DNA template strand


Mass: 15389.855 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) DNA molecule (others) / Production host: DNA molecule (others)
#7: DNA/RNA hybrid 10-nt gapped DNA primer strand 1


Mass: 6182.966 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) DNA molecule (others) / Production host: DNA molecule (others)

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Non-polymers , 3 types, 10 molecules

#8: Chemical
ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 4 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#9: Chemical ChemComp-AGS / PHOSPHOTHIOPHOSPHORIC ACID-ADENYLATE ESTER / ATP-GAMMA-S / ADENOSINE 5'-(3-THIOTRIPHOSPHATE) / ADENOSINE 5'-(GAMMA-THIOTRIPHOSPHATE) / ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE MONOTHIOPHOSPHATE


Mass: 523.247 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H16N5O12P3S / Comment: ATP-gamma-S, energy-carrying molecule analogue*YM
#10: Chemical ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 3 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg

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Details

Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

Component
IDNameTypeEntity IDParent-IDSource
1E. coli clamp loading complexCOMPLEX#1-#70MULTIPLE SOURCES
2beta clamp bound to loader DnaX-complexCOMPLEX#1-#51RECOMBINANT
310-nt gapped DNA substrateCOMPLEX#6-#71RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
22Escherichia coli (E. coli)562
33DNA molecule (others)2853804
Source (recombinant)Organism: DNA molecule (others)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1600 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1200 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 49.6 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: NONE
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.54 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 502506 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 2.54 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00521238
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.56429023
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d14.3463231
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0393351
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0053615

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