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- PDB-9ny4: USP21 bound to H2AK119ub nucleosome -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9ny4
TitleUSP21 bound to H2AK119ub nucleosome
Components
  • (601 DNA (145- ...) x 2
  • Histone H2A type 1
  • Histone H2B 1.1
  • Histone H3.2
  • Histone H4
  • Ubiquitin
  • Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21
KeywordsNUCLEAR PROTEIN / Deubiquitinase / DNA-binding protein / DNA
Function / homology
Function and homology information


deNEDDylase activity / TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling / protein deubiquitination / cysteine-type peptidase activity / transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling / TNFR1-induced NF-kappa-B signaling pathway / Regulation of TNFR1 signaling / structural constituent of chromatin / nucleosome / heterochromatin formation ...deNEDDylase activity / TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling / protein deubiquitination / cysteine-type peptidase activity / transcription initiation-coupled chromatin remodeling / TNFR1-induced NF-kappa-B signaling pathway / Regulation of TNFR1 signaling / structural constituent of chromatin / nucleosome / heterochromatin formation / nucleosome assembly / ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 / cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity / transcription coactivator activity / Ub-specific processing proteases / protein heterodimerization activity / proteolysis / DNA binding / nucleoplasm / metal ion binding / nucleus / plasma membrane / cytosol / cytoplasm
Similarity search - Function
: / Ubiquitin specific protease (USP) domain signature 2. / Ubiquitin specific protease (USP) domain signature 1. / Ubiquitin specific protease, conserved site / Peptidase C19, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase / Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase / Ubiquitin specific protease domain / Ubiquitin specific protease (USP) domain profile. / : / Papain-like cysteine peptidase superfamily ...: / Ubiquitin specific protease (USP) domain signature 2. / Ubiquitin specific protease (USP) domain signature 1. / Ubiquitin specific protease, conserved site / Peptidase C19, ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase / Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase / Ubiquitin specific protease domain / Ubiquitin specific protease (USP) domain profile. / : / Papain-like cysteine peptidase superfamily / Histone H2B signature. / Histone H2A conserved site / Histone H2A signature. / Histone H2B / Histone H2B / Histone H2A, C-terminal domain / C-terminus of histone H2A / Histone 2A / Histone H2A / TATA box binding protein associated factor / TATA box binding protein associated factor (TAF), histone-like fold domain / Histone H4, conserved site / Histone H4 signature. / Histone H4 / Histone H4 / CENP-T/Histone H4, histone fold / Centromere kinetochore component CENP-T histone fold / Histone H3 signature 1. / Histone H3 signature 2. / Histone H3 / Histone H3/CENP-A / : / Ubiquitin domain signature. / Ubiquitin conserved site / Ubiquitin domain / Histone H2A/H2B/H3 / Core histone H2A/H2B/H3/H4 domain / Histone-fold / Ubiquitin family / Ubiquitin homologues / Ubiquitin domain profile. / Ubiquitin-like domain / Ubiquitin-like domain superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
DNA / DNA (> 10) / DNA (> 100) / Ubiquitin B / Histone H2B 1.1 / Histone H2A type 1 / Histone H4 / Histone H3.2 / Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesXenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
synthetic construct (others)
Homo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.98 Å
AuthorsRahman, S. / Wolberger, C.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)R35GM130393 United States
CitationJournal: Sci Adv / Year: 2025
Title: Mechanism of USP21 autoinhibition and histone H2AK119 deubiquitination.
Authors: Sanim Rahman / Chad W Hicks / Alexander Gwizdala / Cynthia Wolberger /
Abstract: Monoubiquitinated histone H2A lysine 119 (H2AK119ub) is a modification associated with transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation. Ubiquitin-specific protease 21 (USP21), one of four ...Monoubiquitinated histone H2A lysine 119 (H2AK119ub) is a modification associated with transcriptional silencing and heterochromatin formation. Ubiquitin-specific protease 21 (USP21), one of four major H2AK119-specific deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), plays critical roles in diverse cellular processes. However, the mechanisms by which USP21 specifically deubiquitinates H2AK119ub and is regulated are unknown. We determined the cryo-EM structure of the USP21 catalytic domain bound to an H2AK119ub nucleosome, which revealed a recognition mode that differs from that of other H2AK119-specific DUBs. We unexpectedly found that the N-terminal IDR of USP21 inhibits the enzyme's activity. Using AlphaFold-Multimer to perform a virtual screen of USP21 interactors, we identified kinases that phosphorylate the USP21 IDR and thereby relieve autoinhibition. AlphaFold3 modeling of USP21 suggests a structural model for autoinhibition. AlphaFold analysis suggests that phosphorylation-regulated autoinhibition may be a feature of various USP enzymes. These findings shed light on the mechanisms of H2AK119 deubiquitination and reveal a previously unexplored mode of phosphorylation-dependent DUB autoregulation.
History
DepositionMar 26, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Sep 24, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Oct 22, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.journal_volume / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed ..._citation.journal_volume / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Histone H3.2
B: Histone H4
C: Histone H2A type 1
D: Histone H2B 1.1
E: Histone H3.2
F: Histone H4
G: Histone H2A type 1
H: Histone H2B 1.1
I: 601 DNA (145-MER)
J: 601 DNA (145-MER)
K: Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21
U: Ubiquitin


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)249,37912
Polymers249,37912
Non-polymers00
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Protein , 6 types, 10 molecules AEBFCGDHKU

#1: Protein Histone H3.2 / Histone H3


Mass: 15435.126 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P84233
#2: Protein Histone H4


Mass: 11394.426 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P62799
#3: Protein Histone H2A type 1


Mass: 14083.398 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P06897
#4: Protein Histone H2B 1.1 / H2B1.1


Mass: 13629.911 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: P02281
#7: Protein Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 21 / Deubiquitinating enzyme 21 / Ubiquitin thioesterase 21 / Ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 21


Mass: 41744.570 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: USP21, USP23, PP1490 / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: Q9UK80, ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1
#8: Protein Ubiquitin


Mass: 9036.393 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: UBB / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli) / References: UniProt: J3QS39

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601 DNA (145- ... , 2 types, 2 molecules IJ

#5: DNA chain 601 DNA (145-MER)


Mass: 44520.383 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) synthetic construct (others) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
#6: DNA chain 601 DNA (145-MER)


Mass: 44991.660 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) synthetic construct (others) / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)

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Details

Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: USP21 bound to H2AK119ub nucleosome / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: all / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightValue: 0.3 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5
SpecimenConc.: 0.6 mg/ml / Embedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 400 divisions/in. / Grid type: Quantifoil R1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 277 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

MicroscopyModel: TFS TITAN THEMIS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2500 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 40 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: FEI FALCON IV (4k x 4k)

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Processing

CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.98 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 83810 / Symmetry type: POINT

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