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- PDB-9nvz: Cryo-EM structure of rhesus antibody CH70-Apex1.01 in complex wit... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9nvz
TitleCryo-EM structure of rhesus antibody CH70-Apex1.01 in complex with HIV Env trimer Q23-APEX-GT2
Components
  • (CH70-Apex1.01 ...) x 2
  • (HIV envelope ...) x 2
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN/IMMUNE SYSTEM / immune complex / neutralization / V2 apex / germline-targeting / VIRAL PROTEIN / VIRAL PROTEIN-IMMUNE SYSTEM complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defense response / positive regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization / positive regulation of receptor clustering / host cell endosome membrane / clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell / viral protein processing / fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane / fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane / viral envelope / virion attachment to host cell ...symbiont-mediated perturbation of host defense response / positive regulation of plasma membrane raft polarization / positive regulation of receptor clustering / host cell endosome membrane / clathrin-dependent endocytosis of virus by host cell / viral protein processing / fusion of virus membrane with host plasma membrane / fusion of virus membrane with host endosome membrane / viral envelope / virion attachment to host cell / host cell plasma membrane / virion membrane / structural molecule activity / membrane
Similarity search - Function
Envelope glycoprotein Gp160 / Retroviral envelope protein / Retroviral envelope protein GP41-like / Gp120 core superfamily / Envelope glycoprotein GP120 / Human immunodeficiency virus 1, envelope glycoprotein Gp120
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Envelope glycoprotein gp160
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesMacaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey)
Human immunodeficiency virus 1
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3 Å
AuthorsRoark, R.S. / Shapiro, L.S. / Kwong, P.D.
Funding support United States, 1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute Of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) United States
CitationJournal: Immunity / Year: 2026
Title: Germline-targeting HIV immunogen induces cross-neutralizing antibodies in outbred macaques.
Authors: Nitesh Mishra / Bo Liang / Ryan S Roark / Amrit Raj Ghosh / Sean Callaghan / Wen-Hsin Lee / Xuduo Li / Anh L Vo / Gabriel Avillion / Rohan Roy Chowdhury / Rumi Habib / Frederic Bibollet- ...Authors: Nitesh Mishra / Bo Liang / Ryan S Roark / Amrit Raj Ghosh / Sean Callaghan / Wen-Hsin Lee / Xuduo Li / Anh L Vo / Gabriel Avillion / Rohan Roy Chowdhury / Rumi Habib / Frederic Bibollet-Ruche / Gabriella Giese / Prabhgun Oberoi / Khaled Amereh / Anjali Somanathan / Yuxin Zhu / Yuexiu Zhang / Muzaffer Kassab / Lifei Tjio / Sharaf Andrabi / Raphael A Reyes / Joel D Allen / Nicole E James / Kipchoge N Randall / Lara van der Maas / Elana Ben-Akiva / Kasia Kacmarek-Michaels / Samantha Plante / Christian L Martella / Ashwin N Skelly / Ajay Singh / Jonathan Hurtado / Katharina Dueker / Tazio Capozzola / Rebecca Nedellec / Gabriel Ozorowski / Mark G Lewis / Samantha Falcone / Andrea Carfi / Sunny Himansu / Lawrence Shapiro / Max Crispin / Beatrice H Hahn / Bryan Briney / Darrell J Irvine / Dennis R Burton / Andrew B Ward / Facundo D Batista / Peter D Kwong / George M Shaw / Raiees Andrabi /
Abstract: Germline targeting (GT) is a promising strategy to activate rare broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb)-producing B cells against HIV, but induction of such responses in outbred animals has not been ...Germline targeting (GT) is a promising strategy to activate rare broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb)-producing B cells against HIV, but induction of such responses in outbred animals has not been achieved. Using antibody-guided structure-based design, we engineered a GT HIV trimer immunogen, Q23-APEX-GT2, which primes diverse V2-apex bnAb precursors. Q23-APEX-GT2 efficiently activated rare V2-apex-specific B cells in humanized knockin mice and consistently elicited immunofocused antibody responses in outbred rhesus macaques, priming multiple long heavy-chain complementarity-determining region 3 (CDRH3)-loop bnAb-B cell lineages. Monoclonal antibodies isolated from immunized macaques showed broad heterologous HIV trimer recognition and modest cross-neutralization of diverse tier-2 viruses. Cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structural studies confirmed precise epitope targeting and revealed CDRH3-mediated binding modes that mirrored those of human V2-apex bnAbs. Together, these findings establish proof of principle for priming and early maturation of authentic V2-apex bnAb precursors in outbred macaques and highlight the promise of V2-apex-targeted HIV vaccines.
History
DepositionMar 21, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.0Apr 1, 2026Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Revision 1.1Apr 29, 2026Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / Group: Database references / Experimental summary / Data content type: EM metadata / EM metadata / EM metadata / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
H: CH70-Apex1.01 heavy chain
L: CH70-Apex1.01 kappa chain
b: HIV envelope gp120
c: HIV envelope gp41 ectodomain
d: HIV envelope gp120
e: HIV envelope gp41 ectodomain
f: HIV envelope gp120
g: HIV envelope gp41 ectodomain
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)288,93377
Polymers262,3798
Non-polymers26,55469
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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HIV envelope ... , 2 types, 6 molecules bdfceg

#3: Protein HIV envelope gp120 / Env polyprotein


Mass: 53550.621 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 / Gene: env / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: O55774
#4: Protein HIV envelope gp41 ectodomain / Env polyprotein


Mass: 17205.666 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Human immunodeficiency virus 1 / Gene: env / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: O55774

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Antibody , 2 types, 2 molecules HL

#1: Antibody CH70-Apex1.01 heavy chain


Mass: 26823.596 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey) / Production host: Homo sapiens (human)
#2: Antibody CH70-Apex1.01 kappa chain


Mass: 23286.838 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey) / Production host: Homo sapiens (human)

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Sugars , 5 types, 69 molecules

#5: Polysaccharide...
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 424.401 Da / Num. of mol.: 31
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,2,1/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1-1/a4-b1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#6: Polysaccharide
beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- ...beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 586.542 Da / Num. of mol.: 6
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/2,3,2/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5]/1-1-2/a4-b1_b4-c1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#7: Polysaccharide
alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 748.682 Da / Num. of mol.: 4
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-3DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,4,3/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c3-d1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#8: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 910.823 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,5,4/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#9: Sugar...
ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 27 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0

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Details

Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: CH70-Apex1.01 Fab in complex with HIV envelope trimer / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#4 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)
IDEntity assembly-IDOrganismNcbi tax-ID
21Macaca mulatta (Rhesus monkey)9544
31Human immunodeficiency virus type 111676
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Buffer solutionpH: 7.5 / Details: PBS
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 %

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: OTHER
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 58 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM software
IDNameCategory
1cryoSPARCparticle selection
8PHENIXmodel refinement
13cryoSPARC3D reconstruction
CTF correctionType: NONE
3D reconstructionResolution: 3 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 200000 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 3 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00317624
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.77923918
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d7.5564664
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0473015
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0054814

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