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- PDB-9nnd: Structure of the HERV-K (HML-2) spike complex -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9nnd
TitleStructure of the HERV-K (HML-2) spike complex
Components
  • Endogenous retrovirus group K member 7 Pol protein
  • Surface protein
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN / HERV-K Endogenous retrovirus K Spike protein Viral glycoprotein / HML-2
Function / homology
Function and homology information


ribonuclease H / DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair / DNA integration / DNA-templated DNA replication / RNA-directed DNA polymerase / RNA stem-loop binding / RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity / RNA-DNA hybrid ribonuclease activity / DNA recombination / structural molecule activity ...ribonuclease H / DNA synthesis involved in DNA repair / DNA integration / DNA-templated DNA replication / RNA-directed DNA polymerase / RNA stem-loop binding / RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity / RNA-DNA hybrid ribonuclease activity / DNA recombination / structural molecule activity / DNA binding / zinc ion binding / plasma membrane
Similarity search - Function
Retro-transcribing virus envelope glycoprotein / : / Retro-transcribing viruses envelope glycoprotein / Rec (regulator of expression encoded by corf) of HERV-K-113 / Retroviral envelope protein / Retroviral envelope protein GP41-like / Reverse transcriptase thumb / Reverse transcriptase thumb domain / Integrase Zinc binding domain / Zinc finger integrase-type profile. ...Retro-transcribing virus envelope glycoprotein / : / Retro-transcribing viruses envelope glycoprotein / Rec (regulator of expression encoded by corf) of HERV-K-113 / Retroviral envelope protein / Retroviral envelope protein GP41-like / Reverse transcriptase thumb / Reverse transcriptase thumb domain / Integrase Zinc binding domain / Zinc finger integrase-type profile. / Integrase-like, N-terminal / Integrase DNA binding domain / Integrase, C-terminal domain superfamily, retroviral / Integrase, N-terminal zinc-binding domain / Integrase, C-terminal, retroviral / Integrase DNA binding domain profile. / RNase H / Integrase core domain / Integrase, catalytic core / Integrase catalytic domain profile. / RNase H type-1 domain profile. / Ribonuclease H domain / Reverse transcriptase domain / Reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) / Reverse transcriptase (RT) catalytic domain profile. / Ribonuclease H superfamily / Ribonuclease H-like superfamily / Reverse transcriptase/Diguanylate cyclase domain / DNA/RNA polymerase superfamily
Similarity search - Domain/homology
Endogenous retrovirus group K member 25 Env polyprotein / Endogenous retrovirus group K member 7 Pol protein
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesHomo sapiens (human)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.13 Å
AuthorsShaked, R. / Katz, M. / Diskin, R.
Funding support1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Not funded
Citation
Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A / Year: 2025
Title: The prefusion structure of the HERV-K (HML-2) Env spike complex.
Authors: Ron Shaked / Michael Katz / Hadas Cohen-Dvashi / Ron Diskin /
Abstract: The human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) is a retrovirus that got assimilated into the human genome in ancient times and has been inherited in our germline ever since. It enters cells using a class- ...The human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) is a retrovirus that got assimilated into the human genome in ancient times and has been inherited in our germline ever since. It enters cells using a class-I spike protein (Env) that mediates receptor recognition and membrane fusion. On top of having a biological role during development, HERV-K is activated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, various cancers, and other pathological conditions. Antibodies that target the HERV-K spike complex have therapeutic value, flagging the spike as a novel drug target. Here, we use cryo-EM to determine the trimeric structure of the HERV-K spike. The spike presents a distinct structure, which substantially differs from other class-I fusogens. Nevertheless, some general architectural features suggest a common origin with other retroviruses. The ability to structurally characterize the HERV-K spike may facilitate the development of antibody-based therapies.
#1: Journal: Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol / Year: 2019
Title: Macromolecular structure determination using X-rays, neutrons and electrons: recent developments in Phenix.
Authors: Dorothee Liebschner / Pavel V Afonine / Matthew L Baker / Gábor Bunkóczi / Vincent B Chen / Tristan I Croll / Bradley Hintze / Li Wei Hung / Swati Jain / Airlie J McCoy / Nigel W Moriarty ...Authors: Dorothee Liebschner / Pavel V Afonine / Matthew L Baker / Gábor Bunkóczi / Vincent B Chen / Tristan I Croll / Bradley Hintze / Li Wei Hung / Swati Jain / Airlie J McCoy / Nigel W Moriarty / Robert D Oeffner / Billy K Poon / Michael G Prisant / Randy J Read / Jane S Richardson / David C Richardson / Massimo D Sammito / Oleg V Sobolev / Duncan H Stockwell / Thomas C Terwilliger / Alexandre G Urzhumtsev / Lizbeth L Videau / Christopher J Williams / Paul D Adams /
Abstract: Diffraction (X-ray, neutron and electron) and electron cryo-microscopy are powerful methods to determine three-dimensional macromolecular structures, which are required to understand biological ...Diffraction (X-ray, neutron and electron) and electron cryo-microscopy are powerful methods to determine three-dimensional macromolecular structures, which are required to understand biological processes and to develop new therapeutics against diseases. The overall structure-solution workflow is similar for these techniques, but nuances exist because the properties of the reduced experimental data are different. Software tools for structure determination should therefore be tailored for each method. Phenix is a comprehensive software package for macromolecular structure determination that handles data from any of these techniques. Tasks performed with Phenix include data-quality assessment, map improvement, model building, the validation/rebuilding/refinement cycle and deposition. Each tool caters to the type of experimental data. The design of Phenix emphasizes the automation of procedures, where possible, to minimize repetitive and time-consuming manual tasks, while default parameters are chosen to encourage best practice. A graphical user interface provides access to many command-line features of Phenix and streamlines the transition between programs, project tracking and re-running of previous tasks.
History
DepositionMar 5, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Jul 2, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 2, 2025Data content type: EM metadata / Data content type: EM metadata / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 2, 2025Data content type: Additional map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Additional map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 2, 2025Data content type: FSC / Data content type: FSC / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 2, 2025Data content type: Half map / Part number: 1 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 2, 2025Data content type: Half map / Part number: 2 / Data content type: Half map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 2, 2025Data content type: Image / Data content type: Image / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.0Jul 2, 2025Data content type: Primary map / Data content type: Primary map / Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
Revision 1.1Jul 16, 2025Group: Data collection / Database references / Category: citation / citation_author / em_admin
Item: _citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev ..._citation.country / _citation.journal_abbrev / _citation.journal_id_ASTM / _citation.journal_id_CSD / _citation.journal_id_ISSN / _citation.journal_volume / _citation.page_first / _citation.page_last / _citation.pdbx_database_id_DOI / _citation.pdbx_database_id_PubMed / _citation.title / _citation.year / _citation_author.identifier_ORCID / _em_admin.last_update

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
a: Endogenous retrovirus group K member 7 Pol protein
A: Surface protein
c: Endogenous retrovirus group K member 7 Pol protein
b: Endogenous retrovirus group K member 7 Pol protein
B: Surface protein
C: Surface protein
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)223,51733
Polymers211,3806
Non-polymers12,13727
Water29,2921626
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author&software
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_555x,y,z1

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Components

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Protein , 2 types, 6 molecules acbABC

#1: Protein Endogenous retrovirus group K member 7 Pol protein / HERV-K(III) Pol protein / HERV-K102 Pol protein / HERV-K_1q22 provirus ancestral Pol protein


Mass: 27730.771 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ERVK-7 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human)
References: UniProt: P63135, RNA-directed DNA polymerase, ribonuclease H
#2: Protein Surface protein / SU


Mass: 42729.082 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Homo sapiens (human) / Gene: ERVK-25 / Production host: Homo sapiens (human) / References: UniProt: P61570

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Sugars , 4 types, 27 molecules

#3: Polysaccharide
2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 424.401 Da / Num. of mol.: 15
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/1,2,1/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O]/1-1/a4-b1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#4: Polysaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-[alpha-L-fucopyranose-(1-6)]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- ...2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-[alpha-L-fucopyranose-(1-6)]2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 570.542 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcb1-4[LFucpa1-6]DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/2,3,2/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1221m-1a_1-5]/1-1-2/a4-b1_a6-c1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{}[(6+1)][a-L-Fucp]{}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#5: Polysaccharide alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2- ...alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-3)-[alpha-D-mannopyranose-(1-6)]beta-D-mannopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose-(1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose


Type: oligosaccharide / Mass: 910.823 Da / Num. of mol.: 3
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
DescriptorTypeProgram
DManpa1-3[DManpa1-6]DManpb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-4DGlcpNAcb1-ROHGlycam Condensed SequenceGMML 1.0
WURCS=2.0/3,5,4/[a2122h-1b_1-5_2*NCC/3=O][a1122h-1b_1-5][a1122h-1a_1-5]/1-1-2-3-3/a4-b1_b4-c1_c3-d1_c6-e1WURCSPDB2Glycan 1.1.0
[][D-1-deoxy-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-GlcpNAc]{[(4+1)][b-D-Manp]{[(3+1)][a-D-Manp]{}[(6+1)][a-D-Manp]{}}}}LINUCSPDB-CARE
#6: Sugar
ChemComp-NAG / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranose / N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose / 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-glucose / N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE


Type: D-saccharide, beta linking / Mass: 221.208 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C8H15NO6
IdentifierTypeProgram
DGlcpNAcbCONDENSED IUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0
N-acetyl-b-D-glucopyranosamineCOMMON NAMEGMML 1.0
b-D-GlcpNAcIUPAC CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLPDB-CARE 1.0
GlcNAcSNFG CARBOHYDRATE SYMBOLGMML 1.0

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Non-polymers , 1 types, 1626 molecules

#7: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 1626 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O

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Details

Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: The HERV-K spike complex / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#2 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Molecular weightExperimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Homo sapiens (human) / Cell: HEK293F
Buffer solutionpH: 8
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 500 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 38 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: dev_5430 / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
SymmetryPoint symmetry: C3 (3 fold cyclic)
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.13 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 501255 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementCross valid method: NONE
Stereochemistry target values: GeoStd + Monomer Library + CDL v1.2
Displacement parametersBiso mean: 22.4 Å2
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.002413485
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.529918402
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.04522211
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.00422268
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d6.88432889

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