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- PDB-9msg: De novo SigN RNA polymerase transcription initiation intermediate... -

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Basic information

Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9msg
TitleDe novo SigN RNA polymerase transcription initiation intermediate with bound SigN-RII
Components
  • (DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit ...) x 4
  • (dhsU (-60 to +30) ...) x 2
  • RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor
  • Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family)
KeywordsTRANSCRIPTION / TRANSFERASE/DNA / sigma N / sigma 54 / ATPase / bacterial enhancer binding protein / transcription initiation / intermediate / TRANSFERASE-DNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


arginine metabolic process / DNA-binding transcription activator activity / RNA polymerase complex / submerged biofilm formation / cellular response to cell envelope stress / phosphorelay signal transduction system / regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation / sigma factor activity / bacterial-type flagellum assembly / bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding ...arginine metabolic process / DNA-binding transcription activator activity / RNA polymerase complex / submerged biofilm formation / cellular response to cell envelope stress / phosphorelay signal transduction system / regulation of DNA-templated transcription initiation / sigma factor activity / bacterial-type flagellum assembly / bacterial-type RNA polymerase core enzyme binding / cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / bacterial-type flagellum-dependent cell motility / nitrate assimilation / cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding / nucleotidyltransferase activity / DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex / regulation of DNA-templated transcription elongation / transcription elongation factor complex / transcription antitermination / cell motility / DNA-templated transcription initiation / protein-DNA complex / ribonucleoside binding / DNA-directed RNA polymerase / DNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / response to heat / protein-containing complex assembly / intracellular iron ion homeostasis / transcription cis-regulatory region binding / protein dimerization activity / response to antibiotic / DNA-templated transcription / regulation of DNA-templated transcription / positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription / magnesium ion binding / DNA binding / zinc ion binding / ATP binding / metal ion binding / identical protein binding / membrane / cytoplasm / cytosol
Similarity search - Function
AAA+ ATPase lid domain / Sigma-54 factors family signature 1. / RNA polymerase sigma factor 54, core-binding domain / RNA polymerase sigma factor 54, DNA-binding / RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor, core-binding domain superfamily / Sigma-54 factor, Activator interacting domain (AID) / Sigma-54, DNA binding domain / Sigma-54 factor, core binding domain / Sigma-54 factors family signature 2. / Sigma-54 factors family profile. ...AAA+ ATPase lid domain / Sigma-54 factors family signature 1. / RNA polymerase sigma factor 54, core-binding domain / RNA polymerase sigma factor 54, DNA-binding / RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor, core-binding domain superfamily / Sigma-54 factor, Activator interacting domain (AID) / Sigma-54, DNA binding domain / Sigma-54 factor, core binding domain / Sigma-54 factors family signature 2. / Sigma-54 factors family profile. / RNA polymerase sigma factor 54 / Sigma-54 interaction domain ATP-binding region A signature. / Sigma-54 interaction domain, ATP-binding site 1 / Sigma-54 interaction domain, ATP-binding site 2 / Sigma-54 interaction domain ATP-binding region B signature. / Sigma-54 interaction domain profile. / Sigma-54 interaction domain / RNA polymerase sigma factor 54 interaction domain / DNA binding HTH domain, Fis-type / Bacterial regulatory protein, Fis family / Response regulator receiver domain / cheY-homologous receiver domain / Signal transduction response regulator, receiver domain / Response regulatory domain profile. / CheY-like superfamily / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, omega subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime, bacterial type / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit, external 1 domain superfamily / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, beta subunit, external 1 domain / RNA polymerase beta subunit external 1 domain / RNA polymerase, alpha subunit, C-terminal / Bacterial RNA polymerase, alpha chain C terminal domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase beta subunit, bacterial-type / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, alpha subunit / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit beta-prime / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / Homeobox-like domain superfamily / RNA polymerase, subunit omega/Rpo6/RPB6 / RNA polymerase Rpb6 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 superfamily / RPB6/omega subunit-like superfamily / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, insert domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, RpoA/D/Rpb3-type / RNA polymerase Rpb3/RpoA insert domain / RNA polymerase Rpb3/Rpb11 dimerisation domain / RNA polymerases D / RNA polymerase Rpb1, clamp domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 1 / RNA polymerase, beta subunit, protrusion / RNA polymerase beta subunit / RNA polymerase, alpha subunit / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 2 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 5 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, domain 4 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, insert domain superfamily / RNA polymerase, N-terminal / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 / RNA polymerase Rpb1, funnel domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 2 / RNA polymerase I subunit A N-terminus / RNA polymerase, RBP11-like subunit / RNA polymerase, beta subunit, conserved site / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 7 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 3 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, OB-fold / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 7 / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 3 / RNA polymerases beta chain signature. / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit 2, hybrid-binding domain / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit 2 / DNA-directed RNA polymerase, subunit 2, hybrid-binding domain superfamily / RNA polymerase Rpb2, domain 6 / ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities / AAA+ ATPase domain / P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
Similarity search - Domain/homology
ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / PYROPHOSPHATE 2- / : / DNA / DNA (> 10) / Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family) / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' ...ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / PYROPHOSPHATE 2- / : / DNA / DNA (> 10) / Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family) / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' / DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta / RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesAquifex aeolicus VF5 (bacteria)
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.7 Å
AuthorsMueller, A.U. / Darst, S.A.
Funding support United States, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Institutes of Health/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIH/NIGMS)R35 GM118130 United States
Life Sciences Research FoundationAgouron Institute United States
CitationJournal: Nat Commun / Year: 2025
Title: Real-time capture of σ transcription initiation intermediates reveals mechanism of ATPase-driven activation by limited unfolding.
Authors: Andreas U Mueller / Nina Molina / B Tracy Nixon / Seth A Darst /
Abstract: Bacterial σ factors bind RNA polymerase (E) to form holoenzyme (Eσ), conferring promoter specificity to E and playing a key role in transcription bubble formation. σ is unique among σ factors in ...Bacterial σ factors bind RNA polymerase (E) to form holoenzyme (Eσ), conferring promoter specificity to E and playing a key role in transcription bubble formation. σ is unique among σ factors in its structure and functional mechanism, requiring activation by specialized AAA+ ATPases. Eσ forms an inactive promoter complex where the N-terminal σ region I (σ-RI) threads through a small DNA bubble. On the opposite side of the DNA, the ATPase engages σ-RI within the pore of its hexameric ring. Here, we perform kinetics-guided structural analysis of de novo formed Eσ initiation complexes and engineer a biochemical assay to measure ATPase-mediated σ-RI translocation during promoter melting. We show that the ATPase exerts mechanical action to translocate about 30 residues of σ-RI through the DNA bubble, disrupting inhibitory structures of σ to allow full transcription bubble formation. A local charge switch of σ-RI from positive to negative may help facilitate disengagement of the otherwise processive ATPase, allowing subsequent σ disentanglement from the DNA bubble.
History
DepositionJan 9, 2025Deposition site: RCSB / Processing site: RCSB
Revision 1.0Aug 13, 2025Provider: repository / Type: Initial release

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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family)
B: Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family)
C: Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family)
D: Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family)
E: Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family)
F: Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family)
G: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha
H: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha
I: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta
J: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta'
K: DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega
M: RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor
U: dhsU (-60 to +30) non-template strand
V: dhsU (-60 to +30) template strand
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)687,78925
Polymers684,47014
Non-polymers3,31811
Water52229
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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Protein , 2 types, 7 molecules ABCDEFM

#1: Protein
Transcriptional regulator (NtrC family)


Mass: 30731.598 Da / Num. of mol.: 6
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Details: AAA+ domain of NtrC1 (UNP residues 121-387) / Source: (gene. exp.) Aquifex aeolicus VF5 (bacteria) / Gene: ntrC1, aq_1117 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: O67198
#6: Protein RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor


Mass: 54043.543 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoN, glnF, ntrA, b3202, JW3169 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P24255

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DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit ... , 4 types, 5 molecules GHIJK

#2: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit alpha / RNAP subunit alpha / RNA polymerase subunit alpha / Transcriptase subunit alpha


Mass: 36558.680 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoA, pez, phs, sez, b3295, JW3257 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0A7Z4, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#3: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta / RNAP subunit beta / RNA polymerase subunit beta / Transcriptase subunit beta


Mass: 150820.875 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Gene: rpoB, groN, nitB, rif, ron, stl, stv, tabD, b3987, JW3950
Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0A8V2, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#4: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta' / RNAP subunit beta' / RNA polymerase subunit beta' / Transcriptase subunit beta'


Mass: 156338.891 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoC, Z5561, ECs4911 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0A8T8, DNA-directed RNA polymerase
#5: Protein DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit omega / RNAP omega subunit / RNA polymerase omega subunit / Transcriptase subunit omega


Mass: 10249.547 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Escherichia coli (E. coli) / Gene: rpoZ, b3649, JW3624 / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0A800, DNA-directed RNA polymerase

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DhsU (-60 to +30) ... , 2 types, 2 molecules UV

#7: DNA chain dhsU (-60 to +30) non-template strand


Mass: 28003.027 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Details: Bases at the ends of the fragment (two positions on either side) were modified from the genomic sequence to G or C to stabilize the ends.
Source: (synth.) Aquifex aeolicus VF5 (bacteria) / References: GenBank: 6626248
#8: DNA chain dhsU (-60 to +30) template strand


Mass: 27507.594 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Details: Bases at the ends of the fragment (two positions on either side) were modified from the genomic sequence to G or C to stabilize the ends.
Source: (synth.) Aquifex aeolicus VF5 (bacteria) / References: GenBank: 6626248

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Non-polymers , 6 types, 40 molecules

#9: Chemical
ChemComp-ATP / ADENOSINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 507.181 Da / Num. of mol.: 5 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H16N5O13P3 / Comment: ATP, energy-carrying molecule*YM
#10: Chemical ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg
#11: Chemical ChemComp-ADP / ADENOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE


Mass: 427.201 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H15N5O10P2 / Comment: ADP, energy-carrying molecule*YM
#12: Chemical ChemComp-POP / PYROPHOSPHATE 2-


Mass: 175.959 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: H2O7P2
#13: Chemical ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 2 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#14: Water ChemComp-HOH / water


Mass: 18.015 Da / Num. of mol.: 29 / Source method: isolated from a natural source / Formula: H2O

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Details

Has ligand of interestN
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: EsNdhsUC1+ATP / Type: COMPLEX
Details: E = RNAP sN = Sigma N dhsU = dhsU promoter DNA C1 = NtrC1
Entity ID: #1-#8 / Source: MULTIPLE SOURCES
Molecular weightValue: 0.63 MDa / Experimental value: NO
Source (natural)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
Details: 40 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8/RT, 200 mM KCl, 10 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT; fluorinated fos-choline-8 (FC8F) added to a final concentration of 1.5 mM during grid preparation
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
Specimen supportGrid material: GOLD / Grid mesh size: 400 divisions/in. / Grid type: C-flat-1.2/1.3
VitrificationInstrument: FEI VITROBOT MARK IV / Cryogen name: ETHANE / Humidity: 100 % / Chamber temperature: 310 K

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2200 nm / Nominal defocus min: 800 nm
Specimen holderCryogen: NITROGEN
Image recordingAverage exposure time: 1.4 sec. / Electron dose: 42 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k) / Num. of grids imaged: 1 / Num. of real images: 17199
Image scansWidth: 11520 / Height: 8184

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Version: 1.21.1_5286: / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.7 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 95920 / Symmetry type: POINT

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