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- PDB-9m48: Cryo-EM structure of 6:1 nsp15/dsRNA complex -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9m48
TitleCryo-EM structure of 6:1 nsp15/dsRNA complex
Components
  • (RNA (31-MER)) x 2
  • Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease nsp15
KeywordsRNA BINDING PROTEIN/RNA / SARS-CoV-2 / nsp15 / RNA binding protein / RNA BINDING PROTEIN-RNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / Maturation of replicase proteins / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / snRNP Assembly ...protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / Maturation of replicase proteins / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / snRNP Assembly / Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs / Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex / Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane / SARS coronavirus main proteinase / host cell endosome / host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment / 5'-3' DNA helicase activity / 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity / symbiont-mediated degradation of host mRNA / mRNA guanylyltransferase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway / G-quadruplex RNA binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host ISG15-protein conjugation / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity / DNA helicase / omega peptidase activity / mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase / methyltransferase cap1 / symbiont-mediated suppression of host NF-kappaB cascade / SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery / symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification / host cell Golgi apparatus / Hydrolases; Glycosylases; Hydrolysing N-glycosyl compounds / methyltransferase cap1 activity / lyase activity / mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity / ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases / cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity / single-stranded RNA binding / viral protein processing / host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm / host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane / RNA helicase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / symbiont-mediated suppression of host gene expression / copper ion binding / viral translational frameshifting / symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy / cysteine-type endopeptidase activity / RNA-directed RNA polymerase / viral RNA genome replication / RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / lipid binding / host cell nucleus / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / ATP hydrolysis activity / DNA-templated transcription / proteolysis / RNA binding / zinc ion binding / ATP binding
Similarity search - Function
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : ...RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : / Coronavirus Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp12 Interface domain profile. / : / : / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain / Coronavirus Non-structural protein 13, zinc-binding domain / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, stalk domain / Nidovirus 2-O-methyltransferase / Nidovirus 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP15, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP15, middle domain superfamily / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerization / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, middle domain / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerisation / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease domain / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP16, coronavirus-like / Non-structural protein 14, coronavirus / RNA polymerase, N-terminal, coronavirus / Coronavirus 2'-O-methyltransferase / Coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, N-terminal / Nonstructural protein 13, zinc-binding domain, coronavirus-like / Coronaviridae zinc-binding (CV ZBD) domain profile. / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/coronavirus NSP15 middle (AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M) domain profile. / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/Coronavirus NSP15 middle domain / Nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain profile. / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain profile. / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain / Endoribonuclease EndoU-like / NendoU domain, nidovirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, uridylate-specific endoribonuclease / : / Lipocalin signature. / DNA2/NAM7 helicase-like, C-terminal / AAA domain / (+)RNA virus helicase core domain profile. / (+) RNA virus helicase core domain / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain, betacoronavirus / Sarbecovirus Nsp3c-N domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, N-terminal, betacoronavirus / Polyprotein cleavage domain PL2pro superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus SUD-C domain / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP3, N-terminal / NSP1 globular domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, SARS-CoV-like / Coronavirus Nsp6 transmembrane protein profile. / Coronavirus Nsp4 ectodomain (4Ecto) profile. / Betacoronavirus single-stranded poly(A) binding domain / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-M domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP1 / NSP1, C-terminal domain, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus (BetaCoV) Nsp1 C-terminal domain profile. / : / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e group 2-specific marker (G2M) domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-C domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e nucleic acid-binding (NAB) domain profile. / DPUP/SUD, C-terminal, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3A domain-like superfamily / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 6, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus nucleic acid-binding (NAB) / Papain-like viral protease, palm and finger domains, coronavirus / Papain-like protease, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase subdomain signature 2. / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, N-terminal / : / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 middle domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp1 globular domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 N-terminal domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 C-terminal domain profile. / Nonstructural protein 2, N-terminal domain, coronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, C-terminal domain, coronavirus / NSP3, second ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus Nsp3a Ubl domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp3d Ubl domain profile. / NSP3, first ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Peptidase family C16 domain profile. / : / : / Coronavirus Nsp3 ectodomain (3Ecto) profile. / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) Nsp7 cofactor domain profile.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
: / RNA / RNA (> 10) / Replicase polyprotein 1ab
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 2.6 Å
AuthorsWang, L. / Li, J. / Zhu, B. / Wang, X.
Funding support1items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
Not funded
CitationJournal: Nucleic Acids Res / Year: 2026
Title: Metal ions govern coronavirus endoribonuclease activity.
Authors: Xionglue Wang / Jing Li / Zhichao Liu / Longfei Wang / Bin Zhu /
Abstract: Coronavirus nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) is an endoribonuclease that restricts viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) accumulation in the cytosol to evade host immunity. Given the co-localization of ...Coronavirus nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) is an endoribonuclease that restricts viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) accumulation in the cytosol to evade host immunity. Given the co-localization of nsp15 and replicating viral RNA, the mechanism controlling nsp15 activity is essential, yet poorly understood. Although metal ions are widely used as cofactors for enzymes, their role in nsp15 remains elusive. Here, we show that Co2+ or Ni2+ potently activates, whereas Zn2+ inhibits nsp15 of multiple coronaviruses. In the presence of Co2+, cryo-electron microscopy structures of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nsp15/dsRNA complexes indicate higher dsRNA-binding affinity. Active-site mutation H249A weakens the effects of Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ on SARS-CoV-2 nsp15. Furthermore, the Co2+- or Ni2+-dependent activation of nsp15 is inhibited upon Zn2+ addition, suggesting competitive regulation. Overall, our work identifies the activator and inhibitor ions of nsp15 and suggests a metal-dependent regulatory mechanism of nsp15 activity.
History
DepositionMar 4, 2025Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
Revision 1.0Feb 11, 2026Provider: repository / Type: Initial release
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease nsp15
B: Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease nsp15
C: Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease nsp15
D: Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease nsp15
E: Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease nsp15
F: Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease nsp15
G: RNA (31-MER)
H: RNA (31-MER)
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)252,4739
Polymers252,4148
Non-polymers591
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

#1: Protein
Uridylate-specific endoribonuclease nsp15 / NendoU / Non-structural protein 15 / nsp15


Mass: 38786.145 Da / Num. of mol.: 6 / Mutation: H6686A
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
References: UniProt: P0DTD1, Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases
#2: RNA chain RNA (31-MER)


Mass: 9853.814 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Source: (synth.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
#3: RNA chain RNA (31-MER)


Mass: 9842.886 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Source: (synth.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
#4: Chemical ChemComp-CO / COBALT (II) ION


Mass: 58.933 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Co / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationN

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: 6:1 nsp15/dsRNA / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#3 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli (E. coli)
Buffer solutionpH: 8
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 1800 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1600 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 50 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 BIOQUANTUM (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 2.6 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 244604 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 2.6 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)
Refine LS restraints
Refine-IDTypeDev idealNumber
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_bond_d0.00217448
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_angle_d0.38823958
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_dihedral_angle_d8.4112899
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_chiral_restr0.0412814
ELECTRON MICROSCOPYf_plane_restr0.0032848

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