Journal: Structure / Year: 2025 Title: High-resolution cryo-EM analysis visualizes hydrated type I and IV pilus structures from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Authors: Kazuki Kawahara / Hiroya Oki / Minato Iimori / Ryuki Muramoto / Tomoya Imai / Christoph Gerle / Hideki Shigematsu / Shigeaki Matsuda / Tetsuya Iida / Shota Nakamura / Abstract: Pathogenic bacteria utilize a variety of pilus filaments to colonize intestinal epithelia, including those synthesized by the chaperone-usher or type IV pilus assembly pathway. Despite the importance ...Pathogenic bacteria utilize a variety of pilus filaments to colonize intestinal epithelia, including those synthesized by the chaperone-usher or type IV pilus assembly pathway. Despite the importance of these filaments as potential drug and vaccine targets, their large size and dynamic nature make high-resolution structure determination challenging. Here, we used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and whole-genome sequencing to determine the structures of type I and IV pili expressed in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Well-defined cryo-EM maps at resolutions of 2.2 and 1.8 Å for type I and IV pilus, respectively, facilitated the de novo structural modeling for these filaments, revealing side-chain structures in detail. We resolved thousands of hydrated water molecules around and within the inner core of the filaments, which stabilize the otherwise metastable quaternary subunit assembly. The high-resolution structures offer novel insights into subunit-subunit interactions, and provide important clues to understand pilus assembly, stability, and flexibility.
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