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- PDB-9ikz: SARS-CoV-2 E-RTC bound to pRNA-nsp9 and GDP-BeF3- -

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Entry
Database: PDB / ID: 9ikz
TitleSARS-CoV-2 E-RTC bound to pRNA-nsp9 and GDP-BeF3-
Components
  • (Non-structural protein ...) x 2
  • Helicase nsp13
  • RNA (25-MER)
  • RNA (27-MER)
  • RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12
  • Viral protein genome-linked nsp9
KeywordsVIRAL PROTEIN/RNA / SARS-CoV-2 / RTC / nsp12 / nsp13 / nsp9 / GDP-BeF3- / VIRAL PROTEIN-RNA complex
Function / homology
Function and homology information


viral genome replication / methyltransferase activity / protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins ...viral genome replication / methyltransferase activity / protein guanylyltransferase activity / RNA endonuclease activity producing 3'-phosphomonoesters, hydrolytic mechanism / mRNA guanylyltransferase activity / 5'-3' RNA helicase activity / Lyases; Phosphorus-oxygen lyases / Assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 Replication-Transcription Complex (RTC) / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of TBK1 activity / Maturation of replicase proteins / TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway / ISG15-specific peptidase activity / Transcription of SARS-CoV-2 sgRNAs / snRNP Assembly / Translation of Replicase and Assembly of the Replication Transcription Complex / Replication of the SARS-CoV-2 genome / Hydrolases; Acting on ester bonds; Exoribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters / double membrane vesicle viral factory outer membrane / SARS coronavirus main proteinase / host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment / 5'-3' DNA helicase activity / endonuclease activity / 3'-5'-RNA exonuclease activity / host cell endosome / symbiont-mediated degradation of host mRNA / mRNA guanylyltransferase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host ISG15-protein conjugation / symbiont-mediated suppression of host toll-like receptor signaling pathway / G-quadruplex RNA binding / symbiont-mediated suppression of host cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor signaling pathway via inhibition of IRF3 activity / omega peptidase activity / methylation / mRNA (guanine-N7)-methyltransferase / methyltransferase cap1 / SARS-CoV-2 modulates host translation machinery / host cell Golgi apparatus / symbiont-mediated suppression of host NF-kappaB cascade / DNA helicase / symbiont-mediated perturbation of host ubiquitin-like protein modification / methyltransferase cap1 activity / ubiquitinyl hydrolase 1 / cysteine-type deubiquitinase activity / mRNA 5'-cap (guanine-N7-)-methyltransferase activity / Hydrolases; Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases); Cysteine endopeptidases / single-stranded RNA binding / regulation of autophagy / viral protein processing / lyase activity / host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm / host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane / RNA helicase / symbiont-mediated suppression of host type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway / symbiont-mediated suppression of host gene expression / copper ion binding / viral translational frameshifting / symbiont-mediated activation of host autophagy / RNA-directed RNA polymerase / cysteine-type endopeptidase activity / viral RNA genome replication / RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity / DNA-templated transcription / lipid binding / host cell nucleus / SARS-CoV-2 activates/modulates innate and adaptive immune responses / ATP hydrolysis activity / proteolysis / RNA binding / zinc ion binding / ATP binding / membrane
Similarity search - Function
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : ...RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, SARS-CoV-like / Nonstructural protein 14, betacoronavirus / NSP15, NendoU domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Nonstructural protein 15, N-terminal domain, alpha/beta-coronavirus / NSP14, guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) guanine-N7-methyltransferase (N7-MTase) domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp15 N-terminal oligomerization domain profile. / NSP12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, coronavirus / : / Coronavirus Nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp12 Interface domain profile. / : / : / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain / Coronavirus Non-structural protein 13, zinc-binding domain / Coronavirus Nonstructural protein 13, stalk domain / Nidovirus 2-O-methyltransferase / Nidovirus 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP15, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP15, middle domain superfamily / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerization / Nonstructural protein 15, middle domain, coronavirus / Nonstructural protein 13, 1B domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, middle domain / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, N-terminal oligomerisation / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease domain / Nidovirus 3'-5' exoribonuclease (ExoN) domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP16, coronavirus-like / Non-structural protein 14, coronavirus / RNA polymerase, N-terminal, coronavirus / Coronavirus 2'-O-methyltransferase / Coronavirus proofreading exoribonuclease / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, N-terminal / Nonstructural protein 13, zinc-binding domain, coronavirus-like / Coronaviridae zinc-binding (CV ZBD) domain profile. / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/Coronavirus NSP15 middle domain / Arterivirus Nsp11 N-terminal/coronavirus NSP15 middle (AV-Nsp11N/CoV-Nsp15M) domain profile. / Nidoviral uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (NendoU) domain profile. / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain / Nidovirus RdRp-associated nucleotidyl transferase (NiRAN) domain profile. / Endoribonuclease EndoU-like / NendoU domain, nidovirus / Coronavirus replicase NSP15, uridylate-specific endoribonuclease / : / Lipocalin signature. / DNA2/NAM7 helicase-like, C-terminal / AAA domain / (+) RNA virus helicase core domain / (+)RNA virus helicase core domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain, betacoronavirus / Sarbecovirus Nsp3c-N domain profile. / Non-structural protein NSP3, N-terminal, betacoronavirus / Polyprotein cleavage domain PL2pro superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-N (Mac2) domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus SUD-C domain / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP3, N-terminal / NSP1 globular domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, SARS-CoV-like / Betacoronavirus single-stranded poly(A) binding domain / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-M domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, SUD-M domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus replicase NSP1 / NSP1, C-terminal domain, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus (BetaCoV) Nsp1 C-terminal domain profile. / : / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e group 2-specific marker (G2M) domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3c-C domain profile. / Betacoronavirus Nsp3e nucleic acid-binding (NAB) domain profile. / DPUP/SUD, C-terminal, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein NSP3A domain-like superfamily / Non-structural protein NSP3, nucleic acid-binding domain superfamily, betacoronavirus / Non-structural protein 6, betacoronavirus / Betacoronavirus nucleic acid-binding (NAB) / Papain-like viral protease, palm and finger domains, coronavirus / Papain-like protease, N-terminal domain superfamily, coronavirus / Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase subdomain signature 2. / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, N-terminal / : / Coronavirus replicase NSP2, C-terminal / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 middle domain profile. / NSP1, globular domain, alpha/betacoronavirus / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp1 globular domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 N-terminal domain profile. / Coronavirus (CoV) Nsp2 C-terminal domain profile. / Nonstructural protein 2, N-terminal domain, coronavirus / Non-structural protein 2, C-terminal domain, coronavirus / NSP3, second ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Coronavirus Nsp3a Ubl domain profile. / Coronavirus Nsp3d Ubl domain profile. / NSP3, first ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain, coronavirus / Peptidase family C16 domain profile. / Coronavirus replicase NSP7 / : / : / Coronavirus 3Ecto domain profile. / Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) Nsp7 cofactor domain profile.
Similarity search - Domain/homology
BERYLLIUM TRIFLUORIDE ION / GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE / RNA / RNA (> 10) / Replicase polyprotein 1a / Replicase polyprotein 1ab
Similarity search - Component
Biological speciesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
MethodELECTRON MICROSCOPY / single particle reconstruction / cryo EM / Resolution: 3.14 Å
AuthorsYan, L.M. / Huang, Y.C. / Liu, Y.X. / Rao, Z.H. / Lou, Z.Y.
Funding support China, 2items
OrganizationGrant numberCountry
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)32188101 China
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)U20A20135 China
CitationJournal: Cell / Year: 2025
Title: Response to: The mechanism for GTP-mediated RNA capping by the SARS-CoV-2 NiRAN domain remains unresolved.
Authors: Yucen Huang / Liping Tan / Yixiao Liu / Hesheng Zhao / Junbo Wang / Ji Ge / Sihan Ye / Zhenyu Liu / Weiqi Lan / Bo Huang / Hongbo Zhang / Yan Gao / Liming Yan / Zihe Rao / Zhiyong Lou /
Abstract: The SARS-CoV-2 polymerase NiRAN domain initiates RNA capping. Previous results showed that both GTP and GDP can be utilized by NiRAN to yield GpppA together with RNAylated nsp9 (RNA-nsp9); however, ...The SARS-CoV-2 polymerase NiRAN domain initiates RNA capping. Previous results showed that both GTP and GDP can be utilized by NiRAN to yield GpppA together with RNAylated nsp9 (RNA-nsp9); however, the G-pocket substrate selection and the working mechanism of NiRAN remain unclear. Small et al. questioned the binding of the non-hydrolyzable GTP analog GMPPNP in the G-pocket of the RTC:RNA-nsp9:GMPPNP structure (PDB: 8GWE) and proposed that the GTP-mediated RNA-capping mechanism remains unresolved. Here, we show the optimized density derived from the original data to support the modeling of GMPPNP, and we reveal why the alternative data processing method failed to obtain density results. We provide additional biochemical and structural evidence by using GTP, GDP, GMPPNP, and GDP⋅BeF as probes to clarify the GTP-mediated RNA-capping mechanism and reconcile the two currently known models by using GTP and GDP as substrates. This Matters Arising Response addresses the Small et al. (2025) Matters Arising paper, published concurrently in Cell.
History
DepositionJun 29, 2024Deposition site: PDBJ / Processing site: PDBC
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Structure visualization

Structure viewerMolecule:
MolmilJmol/JSmol

Downloads & links

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Assembly

Deposited unit
A: RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12
B: Non-structural protein 8
C: Non-structural protein 7
D: Non-structural protein 8
E: Helicase nsp13
F: Helicase nsp13
G: Viral protein genome-linked nsp9
I: RNA (25-MER)
J: RNA (27-MER)
hetero molecules


Theoretical massNumber of molelcules
Total (without water)319,06020
Polymers318,0049
Non-polymers1,05711
Water00
1


  • Idetical with deposited unit
  • defined by author
  • Evidence: electron microscopy, not applicable
TypeNameSymmetry operationNumber
identity operation1_5551

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Components

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Protein , 3 types, 4 molecules AEFG

#1: Protein RNA-directed RNA polymerase nsp12 / Pol / RdRp / Non-structural protein 12 / nsp12


Mass: 106652.852 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
References: UniProt: P0DTD1, RNA-directed RNA polymerase, mRNA guanylyltransferase
#4: Protein Helicase nsp13 / Hel / Non-structural protein 13 / nsp13


Mass: 65989.438 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1, DNA helicase, RNA helicase
#5: Protein Viral protein genome-linked nsp9 / Non-structural protein 9 / nsp9 / RNA-capping enzyme subunit nsp9


Mass: 12391.171 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Fragment: UNP RESIDUES 4141-4253
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1

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Non-structural protein ... , 2 types, 3 molecules BDC

#2: Protein Non-structural protein 8 / nsp8


Mass: 20803.787 Da / Num. of mol.: 2
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Gene: rep, 1a-1b / Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTD1
#3: Protein Non-structural protein 7 / nsp7


Mass: 8678.143 Da / Num. of mol.: 1
Source method: isolated from a genetically manipulated source
Source: (gene. exp.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Production host: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria) / References: UniProt: P0DTC1

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RNA chain , 2 types, 2 molecules IJ

#6: RNA chain RNA (25-MER)


Mass: 8172.932 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Source: (synth.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
#7: RNA chain RNA (27-MER)


Mass: 8522.079 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically
Source: (synth.) Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

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Non-polymers , 4 types, 11 molecules

#8: Chemical
ChemComp-ZN / ZINC ION


Mass: 65.409 Da / Num. of mol.: 8 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Zn
#9: Chemical ChemComp-GDP / GUANOSINE-5'-DIPHOSPHATE


Type: RNA linking / Mass: 443.201 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: C10H15N5O11P2 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION / Comment: GDP, energy-carrying molecule*YM
#10: Chemical ChemComp-BEF / BERYLLIUM TRIFLUORIDE ION


Mass: 66.007 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: BeF3 / Feature type: SUBJECT OF INVESTIGATION
#11: Chemical ChemComp-MG / MAGNESIUM ION


Mass: 24.305 Da / Num. of mol.: 1 / Source method: obtained synthetically / Formula: Mg

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Details

Has ligand of interestY
Has protein modificationY

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Experimental details

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Experiment

ExperimentMethod: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
EM experimentAggregation state: PARTICLE / 3D reconstruction method: single particle reconstruction

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Sample preparation

ComponentName: SARS-CoV-2 E-RTC bound to pRNA-nsp9 and GDP-BeF3- / Type: COMPLEX / Entity ID: #1-#7 / Source: RECOMBINANT
Source (natural)Organism: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Source (recombinant)Organism: Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (bacteria)
Buffer solutionpH: 7
SpecimenEmbedding applied: NO / Shadowing applied: NO / Staining applied: NO / Vitrification applied: YES
VitrificationCryogen name: ETHANE

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Electron microscopy imaging

Experimental equipment
Model: Titan Krios / Image courtesy: FEI Company
MicroscopyModel: TFS KRIOS
Electron gunElectron source: FIELD EMISSION GUN / Accelerating voltage: 300 kV / Illumination mode: FLOOD BEAM
Electron lensMode: BRIGHT FIELD / Nominal defocus max: 2000 nm / Nominal defocus min: 1000 nm
Image recordingElectron dose: 60 e/Å2 / Film or detector model: GATAN K3 (6k x 4k)

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Processing

EM softwareName: PHENIX / Category: model refinement
CTF correctionType: PHASE FLIPPING AND AMPLITUDE CORRECTION
3D reconstructionResolution: 3.14 Å / Resolution method: FSC 0.143 CUT-OFF / Num. of particles: 156590 / Symmetry type: POINT
RefinementHighest resolution: 3.14 Å
Stereochemistry target values: REAL-SPACE (WEIGHTED MAP SUM AT ATOM CENTERS)

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